1. Preventing Violent extremism through inclusive development and the promotion of tolerance and respect for diversity UNDP’s development and peacebuilding approach

2. Conceptual principles Avoid a sole focus on religious extremism. Not a new problem but the challenges are more complex “Radicalization” is not necessarily a problem. Violent extremism emerges when radical behaviour starts to make use of fear, violence and terrorist activities as the means of expression. Youth are not the problem, they are part of the solution

3. Link between PVE and movement of people Links between conflict, fragility, violent extremism and movement of people. Countries with more than 500 deaths from violent extremism had highest levels of migration. Spiral effect: Migration exploited by a xenophobic ideology; reactions out of fear for loss of entitlements. Spill- over effects across borders, regionally and globally.

4. Towards pluralistic societies Diversity because of migration, the flow of ideas and people and increasing belief in the universality of human rights From homogenous to more heterogeneous and multicultural societies. Political settlements need to ensure peaceful governance of increasingly heterogeneous societies. Tolerance and understanding for diverse ideas and cultures (global citizenship) are at the heart of the new development agenda.

5. Two interlinked trends rise of violent extremism the governance of increasingly diverse, multi-cultural societies. better governance of diversity leading to societies better inoculated against violent extremism? Muslim HR lawyer and writer living from Palestinian and Egyptian origin living in Australia. Raised in both catholic and Islamic schools.

6. Understanding the rise in VE – what is new The globalization of violent extremism. The ability to use modern communication technology. The level of unpredictability of violent extremist attacks. An unprecedented access to lethal weapons.

7. Drivers Radicalisation Violent extremism Individual, emotional and psychological factors Socialisation (friends, family, education, church, mosques…) Active recruitment Drivers of violent extremism Role of global and regional Economic exclusion & limited opportunities for upward mobility Political exclusion, shrinking civic space (media) & limited opportunities for participation Perceptions of injustice, corruption & mistreatment of certain groups Rejection of socio-economic and political system Rejection of growing diversity in society Weak state capacity and failing security Changing global culture & banalization of violence

8. Understanding the problems Drivers create a conducive environment for radicalisation. Not all frustrated individuals become radical Not all radical individuals or movements become violent Socialisation processes facilitated by personal, emotional and psychological factors Understanding of the factors leading from each phase to the next

9. Structural drivers of radical behavior and action Radicalisation Peaceful advocacy and contestation as a driver of change Violent extremism From radicalization to peaceful contestation or violent extremism

10. UNDP’s response – a development approach to PVE The root causes: shortcomings in development, failures of governance; failure of conflict resolution systems absence or weakness of early warning systems. Security approach is needed but needs to be complemented by development and peacebuilding/ governance solutions. Sustainable solutions require an inclusive development approach anchored in tolerance, political and economic empowerment, and reduction of inequalities.

11. Promotion of inclusive development, tolerance and governance of diversity Preventing violent extremism through inclusive development, the promotion of tolerance and respect for diversity Preventing Violent extremism Alternative socio- economic opportunities to violence for groups at risk Internal intermediaries to promote dialogue with alienated groups & reintegration of former extremists Engage youth in decision-making and building social cohesion Rule of law and human-rights- based approach to PVE Enhancing the fight against corruption Enhanced participatory decision making and civic space at national and local levels Working with media to promote a local narrative of tolerance, co- existence and respect for human rights and diversity Working with faith-based organsations and \religious leaders Educating respect for human rights, diversity and global citizenship in schools and universities The building blocks of regional and national strategies for preventing violent extremism Promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment Community based early warning &prevention, deradicalisation, reintegration, reconciliation Local governments capacity for service delivery and security

12. UNDP’s response – two main components Research, policy and advocacy agenda Action-oriented agenda Target group of 25-30 countries essentially in 4 regions (Africa, the Arab States, Europe and Asia

13. UNDP’s programmatic agenda Research and advocacy Policy dialogues Program Support Lessons Learned PVE grants mechanism Partnerships

14. Strategies at the national level Analysis and adaptation of UNDP’s existing portfolio of projects. The design of new catalytic projects to support PVE. The launch of fast-track projects needed to address immediate challenges

15. The future of humanity is a world of co-existence We are in the business of hope