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Β -decay study of neutron-rich Tl and Pb isotopes CERN-ISOLDE, Switzerland, E.Rapisarda, J.Kurcewicz, M. Kowalska, V.N. Fedosseev, S. Rothe,, B.A. Marsh.

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Presentation on theme: "Β -decay study of neutron-rich Tl and Pb isotopes CERN-ISOLDE, Switzerland, E.Rapisarda, J.Kurcewicz, M. Kowalska, V.N. Fedosseev, S. Rothe,, B.A. Marsh."— Presentation transcript:

1 β -decay study of neutron-rich Tl and Pb isotopes CERN-ISOLDE, Switzerland, E.Rapisarda, J.Kurcewicz, M. Kowalska, V.N. Fedosseev, S. Rothe,, B.A. Marsh INFN, Sezione di Padova and LNL, D. Bazzacco, S. Lenzi, S. Lunardi, F. Recchia, C. Michelagnoli, A. Gottardo, G. de Angelis, J.J. Valiente-Dobón, P. John, D. Napoli, V.Modamio, D. Mengoni, IKS-KULeuven, Belgium, H. De Witte, M.Huyse, P.Van Duppen, R. Raabe, K.Wrzosek-Lipska, C.Sotty Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Universita’ de Valencia, Spain A.Algora 1, University of York, U.K., A.N. Andreyev, D. Jerkins Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Slovakia S. Antalic 3, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia, A.E. Barzakh, D.V.Fedorov, M.D. Seliverstov, University of Köln, Germany A. Blazhev 6, P. Reiter, N. Warr, J. Jolii, University of Manchester,U.K. J.Billowes, T.E. Cocolios, T. Day Goodacre, K.T. Flanagan, I. Strashnov, University of Surrey, U.K., R.Carroll 8, Z.Podolyak, P.M.Waker, C. Shand, Z. Patel, P.H. Regan University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland, T. Grahn, P.T. Greenlees, Z. Janas, J.Pakarinen, P. Rahkila University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Poland, C.Mazzocchi,, M. Pfützner, Institut fur Physik, Gutenberg Universitat, Germany, T. Kron, K.D.A.Wendt, S. Richter 14 Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, U.K., B.Cheal, D. Joss, R. Page, IFIN-HH, Bucharest R. Lica, N. Marginean, R. Marginean, C. Mihai, A.Negret, S. Pascu

2 Physical Case Nuclear-Structure beyond 208 Pb N = 126 208 Pb 126 Z =82 N=126 g 9/2 Study the development of nuclear structure in the nuclei beyond N=126  What the position of single particle orbitals?  What does the effective proton-neutron interaction look like?

3 Physics Motivation  Seniority scheme Experimental level scheme for 210-216 Pb, Hg consistent with (g 9/2 ) n dominance low-lying states in odd-mass Tl described as (g 9/2 ) 2   (s -1 1/2 ) or  (d -1 3/2 )  Kuo-Herling realistic interaction (T.T.S. Kuo ans G.H. Herling, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Report N.2258, 1971)  Inclusion of the three-body forces is essential A. Gottardo et al. PRL109, 162502 (2012) The region around 208 Pb has been very difficult to populate experimentally due to its large A and Z. = 130 g 7/2 d 5/2 h 11/2 d 3/2 s 1/2 h 9/2 f 7/2 h 9/2 i 13/2 p 3/2 f 5/2 g 9/2 p 1/2  = 81 50 82 126 82  Lifetime measurements in 211,212,213 Tl  Lifetime measurements in 218,219 Bi  Three high-spin isomers in 211 Pb and decay scheme  8 + isomers in 208 Hg and 210 Hg  8 + isomers in 212,214,216 Pb  17/2 + isomer in 209 Tl (95 ns)   -decay of 215 Pb, 215,216,217,218 Bi N. Al-Dahan et al., Phys. Rev. C80 (2009) 061302; A. Gottardo et al., Phys. Lett. B725 (2013) 292 A. Gottardo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 162502 N. Al-Dahan et al., Phys. Rev. C80 (2009) 061302 G.J. Lane et al., Phys. Lett. B 606 (2005) 34 G. Benzoni et al., Phys. Lett. B715 (2012) 293 H. De Witte et al., Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 067303; J. Kurpeta et al., Eur. Phys. J. A18 (2003) 31 H. De Witte et al., Phys.Rev. C 69, 044305 (2004) f 7/2

4 Half-life of 211-215 Tl 211 Pb   211 Bi t 1/2 =88 s Q = 4.4 MeV t 1/2 =36.1m t 1/2 =2.14m 211 Tl (1/2 + ) G. Benzoni et al., Phys. Lett. B715 (2012) 293 (9/2 + ) (9/2 - ) 211 Tl t 1/2 =88 s  50% uncertainty 212 Tl t 1/2 =96 s  50% uncertainty 213 Tl t 1/2 =46 s  100% uncertainty The  -decay would be dominated by Gamow- Teller transitions to high energy states (partially occupied neutron shells 3d 5/2 or 4s 1/2 above g 9/2 ) State-of-the-art models used in r-process calculations underestimate the experimental results Data collected at GSI (not published) show a change in structure with respect to 211 Pb Low-lying states in the daughter Pb can be populated and studied. = 130 g 7/2 d 5/2 h 11/2 d 3/2 s 1/2 h 9/2 f 7/2 h 9/2 i 13/2 p 3/2 f 5/2 g 9/2 p 1/2  = 81 50 82 126 82 f 7/2 i 11/2 i 13/2 Half-life measurements will shed further light on the discrepancy

5 N. Al-Dahan et al., Phys. Rev. C80 (2009) 061302 Long-living isomers in 211,213 Tl - 211,213 Tl: Experimental evidence (data not published) of different structure with respect to 209 Tl; -Shell model calculations suggest inversion of 9/2 + and 7/2 + -SPIN TRAP  Long living isomers in 211,213 Tl??? A. Gottardo, PhD thesis, unpublished The occurrence of many high-spin single particle orbitals in the nuclei to be explored will give rise to several isomeric states

6 G.J. Lane et al., Phys. Lett. B 606 (2005) 34 Long-living isomers in 213 Pb -experimental evidence of short-lived isomeric decay; -The decay of the isomers shows a change in nuclear structure compared to 211 Pb -If (27/2) + moves below (23/2) +  SPIN TRAP  Long living isomers in 213 Pb ??? A. Gottardo, PhD thesis, unpublished

7 Proposed experiment Laser Spectroscopy AIM o identify long-living isomers in 211,213 Tl and 213 Pb Decay Spectroscopy AIM o lifetime of 211-215 Tl with 10% uncertainity o decay scheme in 211-215 Pb by  -decay Tl 4 Clovers 1 Miniball Triple cluster: Total γ detection efficiency is about 8-9% at 1.3MeV Total  detection efficiency is about 60%

8 Beam Time Request IsotopeRate on tape /sTime Expected n.  -  counts 211 Tl5401 shift1∙10 5 212 Tl2251 shift6∙10 4 213 Tl901 shift3∙10 4 214 Tl363 shifts3∙10 4 215 Tl126 shifts2∙10 4 213 Pb2503 shifts2∙10 5 215 Pb Reference47 (*) (*) H. De Witte et al., Phys. Rev. C87 (2013) 067303 UC x Target + quartz transfer line + LIST target  Expected strong Fr and Ra contamination up to 1000 x surface ion suppression  New development in RILIS  micro beam gate = 100 x Surface ion suppression A=214-215: Pulsed-release technique  relatively longer lifetime of the  -decaying isotopes of interest compared to the significantly shorter lived Fr and Ra; Laser Ionization: RILIS (27% and 7% for Tl and Pb respectively)  We request therefore: Need 21 Shifts measurement 2 shifts for tuning the laser to Pb and Tl 4 shifts for laser - spectroscopy 15 Successfully used to study 219 Po (IS456) T 1/2 measurements  20% duty cycle

9 Collaboration CERN-ISOLDE, Switzerland, E.Rapisarda, J.Kurcewicz, M. Kowalska, V.N. Fedosseev, S. Rothe,, B.A. Marsh INFN, Sezione di Padova and LNL, D. Bazzacco, S. Lenzi, S. Lunardi, F. Recchia, C. Michelagnoli, A. Gottardo, G. de Angelis, J.J. Valiente-Dobón, P. John, D. Napoli, V.Modamio, D. Mengoni, IKS-KULeuven, Belgium, H. De Witte, M.Huyse, P.Van Duppen, R. Raabe, K.Wrzosek-Lipska, C.Sotty Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Universita’ de Valencia, Spain A.Algora 1, University of York, U.K., A.N. Andreyev, D. Jerkins Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Slovakia S. Antalic 3, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia, A.E. Barzakh, D.V.Fedorov, M.D. Seliverstov, University of Köln, Germany A. Blazhev 6, P. Reiter, N. Warr, J. Jolii, University of Manchester,U.K. J.Billowes, T.E. Cocolios, T. Day Goodacre, K.T. Flanagan, I. Strashnov, University of Surrey, U.K., R.Carroll 8, Z.Podolyak, P.M.Waker, C. Shand, Z. Patel, P.H. Regan University of Jyväskylä, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland, T. Grahn, P.T. Greenlees, Z. Janas, J.Pakarinen, P. Rahkila University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Poland, C.Mazzocchi,, M. Pfützner, Institut fur Physik, Gutenberg Universitat, Germany, T. Kron, K.D.A.Wendt, S. Richter 14 Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, U.K., B.Cheal, D. Joss, R. Page, IFIN-HH, Bucharest R. Lica, N. Marginean, R. Marginean, C. Mihai, A.Negret, S. Pascu

10 5 μs beam gating test Narrow laser-ion bunch width + micro beam gate tests Laser-ion time structure: 5 μS FWHM! Ga mass marker High Ω cavities: 1.Thin graphite  2.Pyrolytic graphite  3.Sigradur ‘glassy’ graphite ☐ 4.Pulsed heating for higher voltage ☐ Ga 1 μs beam gate is possible! = 100 x Surface ion suppression! RILIS ionization scheme Solid-state switch ~ 500 V @ 10 kHz Courtesy of Richard Catherall

11 Pb isotopes 540 ions/sec * 8h *3600 sec * 0.09 * 0.6 * 0.2 = 1.7 * 10^5 9% = gamma efficiency at 1.3 MeV 60% = beta efficiency 20% duty cycle

12 Courtesy of T.E. Cocolios proton in s 1/2 => mu = + 2.793 mu_N => g-factor = + 5.586 neutron in g 9/2 => mu = - 1.913 mu_N => g-factor = - 0.429 The additivity rule is given as: g_emp (I = Jp + Jn) = 0.5 * { gp + gn + (gp - gn) * (Jp*[Jp+1] - Jn*[Jn+1]) / (I*[I+1]) } = 2.58 + 3 * (3 - 4*Jn*[Jn+1]) / (4*I*[I+1]) g_emp (9/2 = 1/2 + 4) = + 0.24 => mu = + 1.09 mu_N g_emp (13/2 = 1/2 + 6) = +0.04 => mu = + 0.24 mu_N g_emp (17/2 = 1/2 + 8) = -0.07 => mu = - 0.61 mu_N The hyperfine parameters become A( 1/2) = 36 336 MHz A( 9/2) = 1 575 MHz A(13/2) = 240 MHz A(17/2) = - 467 MHz We can definitely differentiate between the ground state and an isomer, but probably not tell which isomer we have.

13 J = 1/2 -> 3/2 (for the 276.8 nm transition) Tl, I=1/2: using 205g Tl, A = 21.31 GHz, mu = 1.638 mu_N Tl, I=9/2: using 193m Tl, A = 5.583 GHz (from Barzakh et al, PRC 2013) Tl, I=17/2: using 215 Ac, mu = 8 mu_N => A = 6.122 GHz (using 205gTl as reference) 0 GHz isotope shift between the isomers. 1 GHz Gaussian x 1 GHz Lorentzian sigma. Courtesy of T.E. Cocolios Hyperfine Structure in 211 Tl

14 LIST target performances D.A. Fink et al. submitted to NIMB

15 Old run at ISOLDE in 2000 GPS separator A= 215 Laser tuned on Pb Hilde de Witte, PhD thesis, KULeuven 2004

16 Pb207 Pb206 Pb208 Bi209 Tl205

17  -spectroscopy: Experimental Setup Windmill Chamber Annular Si Si pure 30 keV Tl beam from RILIS+ISOLDE Intensity = 10 4 pps C-foils 20 m g/cm 2 Si detectors Si Annular Si ff  30 keV beam from ISOLDE C-foil Ge detector #1

18  technique based on in-source laser spectroscopy (Ü. Köster et al., NIM B, 160, 528(2000); L. Weissman et al., PRC65, 024315(2000)).  set the laser frequency to select and maximize the production of the isomer of interest. Isomeric Beams @ ISOLDE 2-2- 7+7+ 10 - Intensity (a.u.) Frequency of the first transition (cm -1 ) Two SET of DATA No laser: Tl is Surface Ionized mixture of 2 -, 7 +, 10 - With laser: Laser set on 10 - enhanced 10 - state

19 Tl - Surface ionized Tl – laser ionized 445 374 506 184 Hg 184 Au 184 Pt 184 Ir 2 +  0 + 366 keV 192 Au 4 +  2 + 287 keV Single γ - spectrum

20 506 keV 445 keV 374 KeV T 1/2 = 50(0.39) ms 1/10 of the expected 500 ms

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