Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byJasmine Stone Modified over 8 years ago
1
Napoleon Forges an Empire Napoleon: Considered one of the world’s greatest leaders. Mrs. Stoffl World History 10/5/15
2
Objectives Determine how Napoleon came to power in France Understand how Napoleon came to control neighboring countries as a part of the French Empire Analyze Napoleon’s successes and failures
3
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte? Born in 1769: island of Corsica (in Med.) At age 9 he was sent to military school Age 16 he graduated… lieutenant in the artillery Joined the army of the new government when the Revolution started
4
Hero of the Hour October 1795: Royalist rebels marched on the National Convention NB put in charge of defending the delegates Took down thousands of royalists w/cannons and other artillery w/in minutes the royalists fled in panic NB famous throughout Paris for this success
5
Napoleon leads French Army 1796: Directory appoints NB to lead a French Army against Austria Crosses the Alps and wins a remarkable series of battles in Italy Napoleon presses on to Egypt to protect French trade interests and disrupt British trade w/India Loses to Horatio Nelson of the British but is able to keep this out of the French press Returns to Paris as a hero
6
Napoleon Takes the Legislature: By 1799: Directory lost control of the political situation in France + lost confidence of the ppl Urged by his friends to seize control upon his arrival back from Egypt NB strikes in early November, 1799: Napoleon’s army surrounds the legislature and drives out most of its members The remaining members vote to dissolve the Directory
7
Coup d‘Etat In place of the Directory: 3 consuls (diplomats) One of which was Napoleon He quickly took the title of first consul and assumed the powers of a dictator Coup d‘Etat: a sudden overthrow of a government and seizure of complete power “blow to the state”
8
War with Prussia, Austria etc. Continues: 1799: Britain, Austria, Russia join forces w/ one goal drive Napoleon from power. Napoleon took his troops and fought for 3 years 1802 – Treaties were signed b/w the countries and Europe at peace Napoleon can now focus on restoring order in France
9
Napoleon Rules France 1800 Plebiscite: Vote of the people to approve a new constitution (appeared democratic)…? Effectively gave Napoleon all power as first consul He kept some of the changes that came w/ the revolution: maintained laws that would strengthen the gov’t and achieve some goals of the revolution
10
Restoring Order at Home 1. Strengthen the Economy Established a national banking system and an efficient method of tax collection Allowed for more control of the money and a steady supply of tax money 2. End Corruption Dismissed corrupt officials Set up lycees: or gov’t-run public school to provide the gov’t w/well trained officials Open to male students of ALL backgrounds Graduates appointed on basis of merit not family background/connection
11
Restoring Order at Home (cont’d) 3. Church Disregarded revolution changes Clergy + peasants wanted to restore the Church’s power ∴ NB signed a concordat or agreement w/ Pope Pius VII Relationship b/w church and state: Gov’t recognized the influence of the Church but did not allow any church interference/control in national affairs Gained NB support of the Church and a majority of the French people Bishop marries Napoleon & Josephine
12
Restoring Order at Home (continued) 4. Napoleonic Code (aka the Civil Code of France) Uniform system of laws for France & eliminated many injustices But actually limited liberty, promoted order + authority over individual rights (very Hobbesian) Freedom of speech and press restricted under the code Reduced most if not all power that women had (probably due to his Napoleon’s syndrome) Restored slavery in French colonies in Caribbean Did allow for private ownership and protection of property
13
Napoleon Crowned as Emperor 1804: Napoleon decided to make himself Emperor, and French ppl readily agreed December 2, 1804 walked down the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and took the crown from the Pope and placed it on his own head! Signaled the Napoleon was more powerful than the church
14
Napoleon Creates an Empire In addition to France, NB wanted to control the rest of Europe + reassert French power in the Americas Western Empire of Louisiana, Florida, French West Indies, French Guiana Needed to gain Saint Domingue (now Haiti)…
15
Loss of American Territories Revolutionary ideas reached Saint Domingue in 1789 + demanded that the Nat’l Assembly grant them to same power at French citizens Enslaved Africans also demanded their freedom Civil war broke out and Toussaint L’Ouverture (who led the army of the enslaved Africans) seized control of the colony 1801: Napoleon tries to takes back the colony and reestablish its sugar industry French forces plagued by disease + rebels fought hard ∴ NB failed to seize the island
16
Power of the U.S. – Thank you, Napoleon Napoleon cuts his losses w/the Americas and sells the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. in 1803 for $15 million $$$ to help in Europe Punish the British: the sale “assures forever the power of the United States…I have given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”
17
Conquering Europe Napoleon turned his attention to Europe Annexed the Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy, and set up a puppet gov’t in Switzerland British were fearful of his goals ∴ Britain persuaded Russia, Austria + Sweden to join them against France Napoleonic Wars: Literally crushed his opposition and by 1810 he signed peace treaties w/ Russia, Austria, and Prussia…now allied with NB Page 232
18
Conquering Europe Battle of Austerlitz (1805): Napoleon destroyed the larger Russian and Austrian Army, one of his greatest victories His enemies could not predict his next move, took heavy losses France forced the Russians to retreat and forced Austria to sign a peace treaty w/ France Napoleon built the largest European Empire since the Romans Britain: last one standing…this will drive NB crazy!
19
Battle of Austerlitz
20
Battle of Trafalgar Napoleon’s first major loss: Naval defeat British commander Horatio Nelson was as skilled and brilliant in warfare of the sea as Napoleon was on land Nelson destroyed the larger French fleet by splitting them up and capturing many ∴ ensured the supremacy of the British navy for 100 years Also, Napoleon had to give up his plans of invading Britain Obsession w/ capturing Britain would eventually lead to Napoleon’s downfall!
21
Battle of Trafalgar
22
The French Empire Virtually controlled Europe for the first decade of the 1800s. He only didn’t control: Britain, Portugal, Ottoman Empire, and Sweden NB also controlled several “independent” countries thru puppet gov’ts in which many were controlled and ruled by members of his family Spain, Warsaw, several German Kingdoms Russia, Prussia, and Austria had alliances w/NB + were easily manipulated by military threats
23
The Huge French Empire Huge but unstable, 1807-1812 he was able to maintain control but then sudden collapse…
24
For 7.4: 1812
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.