1. Modern World History Chapter 7; Section 2 Revolution Brings Reform

2. Why is it important to learn about “Revolution Brings Reform & Terror”? Some governments that lack the support of a majority of their people still use fear to control their citizens.

3. Revolution Brings Reform… AND TERROR!

4. The Assembly Reforms France -On August 4, 1789, French noblemen motivated more by fear than liberty made speeches proclaiming their love of liberty -They ended the old regime, and overnight everyone in France was equal

5. The Rights of Man -3 weeks later the National Assembly adopted a statement of revolutionary ideals

6. -This was called the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen

7. -“Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights” -“liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”

8. -Revolutionary leaders adopted the phrase “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.”

9. A State-Controlled Church -Lots of church reform -The Assembly took over all church lands

10. -They made it so all church people had to be elected -sale of church lands paid off France’s debt -This freaked out a lot of peasants

11. Louis Tries to Escape -Louis was told that France was not a safe place for him to be

12. -In June 1791, he tried to escape to Austria, but was caught at the border and taken back to Paris

13. Divisions Develop -In September 1791, the new constitution was finished -Most of the power of the King was stripped -Created a new legislative body called the Legislative assembly

14. Factions Split France -Still lots of problems like debt and food shortages

15. -Radicals sat on the left, Moderates in the middle, conservatives on the right

16. -Still others, like the Émigré wanted to undo the revolution completely (nobles)

17. -The Sans-Culottes, the poorish wanted even greater reforms (those w/out knee britches)

18. War and Execution -The French Revolution scared the monarchs pretty bad.

19. -Austria and Prussia tried to pressure France into restoring Louis as the absolute ruler -The French responded by declaring war on them in April 1792

20. France at War -The war went badly for France -Prussian troops were marching on Paris by June 1792 -The Prussian commander said he would destroy Paris if the royals were harmed

21. -The French mob responded by imprisoning Louis, Marie Antoinette and their kids -Freaked out by rich people, French mobs kill all kinds of rich people

22. -All men got to vote

23. -The Monarchy is dead

24. Jacobins Take Control -The Jacobins were a radical political organization

25. -Jean-Paul Marat edited a newspaper called L’Ami du People (A friend of the people)

26. -The Jacobins decided to try Louis for treason -He was found guilty and sentenced to death

27. -January 21, 1793, the king was beheaded

28. The War Continues -The French Army finally takes a huge win at the battle of Valmy

29. -However, pretty much the rest of Europe joins the fight against France -So France drafts 300,000 soldiers -in 1794, there are 800,000 French soldiers

30. The Terror Grips France -Many were horrified by the Jacobins and the beheading of the king

31. Robespierre Assumes Control -Maximilien Robespierre slowly gained power by trying to create a gov’t of virtue

32. -They redid the calendar and got rid of Sundays -They closed all the churches in Paris

33. -In July 1793, Robespierre makes himself the director of public safety

34. -So begins the reign of terror

35. -People were arrested at dawn, tried in the morning and beheaded in the afternoon

36. -he was trying to get rid of “enemies of the revolution”

37. -People that were slightly less radical than he were beheaded

38. -Marie Antoinette was beheaded

39. -40,000 people were executed during this time

40. End of the Terror -In July, 1794, the national assembly turned on Robespierre -He was arrested and executed

41. -Then, the moderates drew another constitution giving lots of power to the middle class -this new constitution created a lot of stability

42. -They also put Napoleon in charge of the military