2. Non-Infectious Disease

3. Noninfectious Diseases:  Cannot be transmitted by contact with a person, object, animal or substance. Not communicable or contagious, rather non infectious diseases are caused by risk factors that may be environmental, behavioral, or hereditary.

4. Disease Notes Cardiovascular Diseases:  Atherosclerosis - cholesterol and plaque narrow or block the arteries

5. Disease Notes Cardiovascular disease  Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the arteries  Angina Pectoris - chest pain, occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked

6. Disease Notes Heart Attack - heart muscle dies due to lack of blood supply and oxygen  Arrhythmia - irregular heartbeat  Fibrillation - life-threatening condition in which the heart twitches but doesn’t pump blood normally

7. Stroke:  Supply of blood to the brain is disrupted  Brain cells die from lack of oxygen  Cerebral hemorrhage - bleeding in the brain from an artery in the cerebrum (main portion of the brain)  Aneurysm - blood-filled weak spot that balloons out from the artery wall

8. Disease Notes Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease:  Coronary bypass surgery - construction of a detour around a blocked coronary artery  Balloon angioplasty - balloon is inserted in an artery and expanded to open a blockage

9. Cardiovascular disease Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease:  Do not start smoking  Exercise regularly  Eat a proper diet  Avoid obesity  Control blood pressure  Avoid bacterial infections

10. Disease Notes Cancer:  Rapid, uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells Cancer Types:  Malignant tumor - tumor grows out into and destroys surrounding tissues  Benign tumor - cells remain within the membrane and do not spread

11. Disease Notes Cancer Treatments:  Radiation therapy - high energy radiation used to kill cancer cells  Chemotherapy - drugs that attack cancers, reduces the rate at which cancer cells reproduce  Immunotherapy - drugs used to stimulate the body’s own immune system to attack cancer cells

12. Disease Notes Diabetes:  Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. (mayoclinic.com)  Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset or noninsulin- dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body's main source of fuel.

13. Arthritis:  Irritation or inflammation of the joints  Osteoarthritis - caused by wear and tear on the joints  Rheumatoid - membrane surrounding a joint becomes inflamed