1. Objective: You will create and use a model of the cardiovascular system to determine the effects of high blood pressure on the human heart. W arm-Up: Q. The __________ create the lub-dub lub-dub sound of a beating heart. A. Ho mework: Complete the directed reading #25-34.

2. Quick Questions: 1. How big is the human heart? 2. How many chambers? 3. Why is the wall so thick in the middle? 4. What do you call the trap doors? 5. What are the upstairs rooms? 6.What are the downstairs rooms? 7. How many types of blood vessels do we have? 8. Which go into the heart? 9. Which go away from the heart? 10. Which connect arteries and veins? 11. Which have thick walls? 12. Which have the thinnest walls?

4. Materials for Each Group Two plastic bins; one with water, one without water. One pressure bulb with two tubes connected. One clamp One ruler One timer 1 blood pressure data sheets Today you are going to investigate the effects of high blood pressure on the heart. You will partially block the flow of water through tubing to simulate high blood pressure.

5. Red- Vein- Hold tube that leads into the heart under water at all times. Measure with a ruler how much water was transferred each trial. Blue- Heart- Test your ability to pump water for 15 seconds. 4 trials without the clamp then 4 trials with the clamp set on 5 clicks. Green-Artery- Hold the other end of the tube at an angle in the bin. You will also pour the water back into the original bin each trial. Yellow-Timer- Tell the group when to start and stop. Each trial is 15 seconds. Record the data on the data sheet.

6. Trial Volume of Water Amount of Effort 1 2 3 4 Table 1: Normal Blood Pressure (without clamp) Average: Trial Volume of Water Amount of Effort 1 2 3 4 Table 2: High Blood Pressure (with clamp) Average:

7. Calculate the average depth (cm) of water the heart was able to pump under normal and high blood pressure. Record this depth on your chart. Create a double bar graph with the following specifications: Depth of water moved (cm) NormalHigh Blood Pressure Averages ____________________________________

8. Each group member should answer the following analysis questions: 1. What happened to the "blood" pressure when the artery was "clogged"? 2. How did the high blood pressure affect how the heart had to work? 3. What problems could this cause?

9. Inside the Heart 3 Vessels Heartbeat Cardiovascular System

10. Heart Attack What happens? A heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. When enough heart muscle cells die, the heart may stop.

11. Heart Attack

12. Atherosclerosis ( hardening of the arteries) How does it happen? It happens when cholesterol (fat) builds up inside of blood vessels. What does it cause? It causes the blood vessels to become narrower and less elastic.

14. Stop to Think 3 Bypass Surgery

15. Hypertension What is it? Hypertension is high blood pressure. What can happen? Heart attack, heart failure, and stroke.

16. Stroke What happens? A stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures. What is the result? Part of the brain receives no oxygen; without oxygen brain cells die.

17. Stroke What happens? A stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures. What is the result? Part of the brain receives no oxygen; without oxygen brain cells die.

18. Heart Failure What happens? Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The cardiovascular muscle becomes exhausted.