1. Pneumatics Hydraulics
Fluid Power
Pneumatics
Hydraulics

2. Fluid Power
Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and transmission of pressurized fluids.

3. Practical Uses
Transport fluid Delivering the fluid from one location to another to achieve a useful purpose. An example of this in the case of hydraulics in a lube oil or grease system to provide oil or grease to lubricate bearings on heavy equipment.

4. Practical Uses (cont..)
Transport energy In this case the fluid flow is used to actuate a device specifically designed to operate from the flow provided. In general, these actuators fall into the following categories:
Cylinder (hydraulic or pneumatic): Provides force in a linear fashion
Motor (hydraulic or pneumatic): Provides continuous rotational motion
Rotary actuator: Provides rotational motion of less than 360 degrees.

5. Pneumatics vs. Hydraulics
Hydraulic Power
Uses a liquid, usually oil, to convert, store and transmit power
Pneumatic Power
Uses gas, usually air, to convert, store, and transmit power.

6. Hydraulics
HYDRAULICS is a branch of science that deals with the study and use of liquids as related to the mechanical aspects of physics.

7. Hydraulic Systems

8. Mechanical Advantage 10 cm2 100 cm2
Mechanical advantage means that’s its easier to do something.
The volume or distance moved, compared to the pressure applied will determine the amount of work that can be done
100 cm2

9. Basic Principles of Hydraulics
Liquids have no shape of their own.
Liquids will NOT compress.
Liquids  transmit  applied  pressure  in  all directions.
Liquids provide great increase in work force.

10. Basic Principles of Hydraulics
Liquids have no shape of their own.
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11. Basic Principles of Hydraulics
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Liquids provide great increase in work force.

12. Basic Principles of Hydraulics
Liquids will NOT compress.

13. Basic Principles of Hydraulics
Liquids  transmit applied pressure  in  all directions.

14. Pressure vs. Force
Force  means  a  total push or pull. It is push or pull exerted against the total area of a particular surface and is expressed in pounds or grams.
Pressure means the amount of push or pull (force) applied to each unit area of the surface. Pressure  may  be exerted in one direction, in several directions, or in all directions.

15. Computing Force and Pressure
Pressure  equals  force  
divided  by  area.  
By rearranging  the  above  
formula,  this  state  may  be condensed into the following: P = F divided by A

16. The Basic Idea
The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: Force that is applied at one point is transmitted to another point using an incompressible fluid.
The fluid is almost always an oil of some sort. The force is almost always multiplied in the process.

17. Hydraulic Motors

18. Hydraulic Actuating Cylinders
Actuating Cylinders: A piston and shaft within a cylinder, that performs an action.

19. Actuators Extend Pressure Retract Pressure
Retract Exhaust Extend Pressure

20. Computing Force and Pressure
A  formula  is  used  in  computing  force,  pressure, and area in hydraulic systems. In this formula, P refers to pressure, F indicates force, and A represents area.
Force  equals  pressure  times  area.  Thus,  the formula is written F = P x A

21. Actuators Example #1
How much extend force will a 2” bore cylinder develop with a 80 PSI supply?
Bore (inside diameter of piston): 2”
Area = Pi (3.1415) x r2
x (1)2 =
Force = 80 PSI x per sq./in.
Force extend = lbs

22. Actuators Example #2