1. Amendments to the Constitution

2. Bill of Rights 1.First 10 Amendments to the Constitution. 2.Limits government power over citizens and states 3.Protects the basic rights of citizens

3. Additional Amendments 1.17 other amendments added in a span of 200 years. 2.Amendment process outlined in Article 5 created a two step process a.Proposal: proposed by joint resolution, 2/3rds of Congress must agree, or 2/3rds of state conventions must propose b.Ratification: 3/4 th state legislatures or special conventions of states must ratify.

4. 11 th Amendment 1.Citizens can’t sue states 2.Chisholm v. Georgia: Court Case in which a citizen sued the state of Georgia and won. Iredell’s dissenting opinion became basis for 11 th Amendment James Iredell wrote a dissenting opinion in the case Chisholm v. Georgia that led to passage of the 11 th Amendment.

5. Civil War Amendments 1.13 th : Outlawed (abolished) slavery 2.14 th : outlined citizenship rights intended to give freed slaves citizenship, “Equal protection of the Laws” clause, Due process of law extended to the states 3.15 th : African American suffrage

6. Amendments that Extended Voting Rights (suffrage) 1.15 th : gave African Americans the right to vote 2.17 th : Senators will be elected by the people 3.19 th : granted women the right to vote 4.23 rd : gave the citizens in the District of Columbia the right to vote 5.24 th : outlawed poll taxes 6.26 th : Lowered voting age to 18

7. Presidential Amendments 1.12 th : “The Ticket” President and Vice- president run on the same ticket. 2.20 th : Changed inauguration date of President from March 4 to January 20. 3.22 nd : Limited president to two terms (10 years max) 4.25 th : Presidential succession

8. Prohibition Amendments 1.18 th : Prohibition: production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal 2.21 st : Repealed 18 th Amendment (Only amendment to repeal another amendment) a.Only amendment passed by special conventions of the states

9. Amendments relating to Congress 1.16 th : Gave Congress the power to collect income taxes 2.17 th : popular election of Senators 3.20 th : Congressional terms move to January 3. 4. 27 th : Congressional pay raises will not go into effect until next new term.

10. 14 th Amendment 1.Passed in 1868 after the Civil War and originally outlined citizenship rights which were intended to protect the legal rights of freed slaves. Today the amendment protects the rights of all citizens in general. 2.The Bill of Rights extended to the states. A.Including due process laws

11. 14 th Amendment 3.“Equal Protection under the Law” clause: this clause says that the law should be applied to all citizens in the same way. A.“Jim Crow” laws and Black codes were passed after the Civil War and oppressed African American’s in the South. B.Segregation laws, “Separate but Equal” the standard set under Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) C.After years of fighting against segregation, Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas, separate but equal was banned in public schools. D.In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act which was later upheld in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc v. United States, finally ended segregation in public facilities. E.The 24 th Amendment outlawed poll taxes which extended the voting rights give to African Americans by the 15 th Amendment.

12. 14 th Amendment 4.This amendment helped African Americans, Native Americans, and Women from North Carolina and elsewhere achieve equal rights.

13. Homework Fold a white sheet of paper in four squares (fold 2 times hamburger). In each box, draw an illustration of one of the last 17 amendments (do not draw illustrations of the first 10 amendments). You should have 4 drawings on your page (one in each square) Your drawings must be colored. And each box must have a title. The title will be the number of the amendment you are illustrating.