1. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING - II

2. UNIT - 1 2 MARKS QUESTION 1.What are the type of rails tried so far in construction of railway track? 2.Define guage. 3.What are the different guages adopted on indian railways? 4.What do mean by creep of rails? 5.What is wear of rails? 6.Explain role of railways in transortation. 7 MARKS QUESTION 1.What are the different guages used in india? What are the factors govern selection of guage? Why uiformity of guage is necessary? 2.What are the types of wears occus in rail? 3.What are the type of joint used in indian railway? Explain with sketches. 4.What is coning of wheels? Explain with the help of sketch. 5.Define creep. Descibe effects of creep with remedial measures. 6.What is welding of rails? Enumerate the various advantages of welding of rails. 7.Discuss in detail aabout the historical developmentof railway in India. 8. Describe the various types of rail failures with sketches. 9.Discuss the necessityand effect of coning of wheels and tilting of rails. 10.Explain merits of rail transportation.

3. UNIT-2 2 MARKS QUESTION 1.Using a sleeper density of M+6 find out the number of sleepers required for construction of 1280m B.G. track. 2.What is super elevation? 3.What do you mean by sleeper density? 4.How fastening process is done? State it briefly. 5.Define cant deficiency. 7 MARKS QUESTION 1.Classify the different types of sleepers used so far in the history of railway. What is the function of sleepers and requirement of good sleeper. 2.What is the function of ballast? Describe the different materials used as ballast in India. 3.Differentiate concrete sleeper and C.S.T. – 9 sleeper. 4.Give the merits and demerits of various ballast materials. 5.Determine the length of transition curve for a design speed of the train on B.G. track 90kmph. 6.Write short notes on – pusher gradient, cant deficiency, functions of ballast. 7.Discuss in detail about the ballasts requirements.

4. 8. Where how and why the transition curve must be provided. 9. Compare different ballast materials with respect to merits and demerits. 10. Calculate cant deficiency and prmissible speed for a 4 curve on B.G. track.

5. UNIT-3 2 MARKS QUESTION 1.What is the necessity of points and crossing? 2.What do you mean by heel divergence? 3.When an interlocking is required? 4.What is cross over? 5.Define turrods. 7 MARKS QUESTION 1.Draw neat sketch of hand rainout and monitor various elements. 2.Design a diamond crossing betweent wo B.G. tracks crossing each other at an angle of line 10 which is the flattest angle permissible for a diamond crossing. 3.Differentiate the following- angle of crossing and crossing number, switch lead and curve lead. 4.Calculate the elements of a turnout when it is given. G=1.676, N=12, d=13.3, angle of switch=1 8’0”. 5.Write short notes on (i) signaling (ii)points and crossing 6. Discuss in detail about the various type of track junctions. 7.Illustrate about the control of movements of trains. 8.Explain the following – serssors cross-over, C.T.C. system, interlocking of signals. 9.What is meant by crossing ? What are the essential requirements of good crossimg? Discuss various types of crossing in use on Indian railways. 10. Write short notes on – dry lock, pier heads, mound break water.

6. UNIT-4 2 MARKS QUESTION 1.What are the considerations in size and shape of tunnel? 2.What do you understand by tunnel enginering? 3.Define pilot tunnels. 4.Write in two lines about the importance of tunnel engineering. 5.What do you mean by lining of tunnel. 7 marks question 1.Describe the following- drainage of tunnels, ventilation of tunnel. 2.What are the methods of tunneling in soft soil? Describe any one method with neat sketch. 3.How are size and shape of tunnel determine? Draw a typical cross section of a tunnel for single track on B.G. 4.Write short notes on- tunneling in soft soil, tunneling in hard soil. 5.Discuss in detail about the methods of tunnel. 6.What are the considerations of tunneling shape & size? Discuss in detail. 7.Describe the one method for tunneling in hard rock with advantages. 8.What is tunnel ventilaation? Explain th methods of tunnel ventilation. 9.Write short notes on – shape and size of tunnel, linning of tunnel. 10.Describe the one method of tunnelling in hard rock with advantages.

7. UNIT-5 2 MARKS QUESTION 1.Define dock. 2.Define harbor. 3.Define break water with regards to harbor engineering. 4.What are repair docks. 5.Differentiate dock and harbor. 7 marks question 1.Differentiate between – tidal basin and wet dock, natural harbors and artificial harbors. 2.What is littoral drift? How break waters are classified? State the merits and demerits of each. 3.Write short notes on – jeture, wharves. 4.Draw the diagram of harbor layout and describe in detail. 5.What are the important navigational aids required for harbor engineering. 6.Write short notes on – transit steel, graving dock. 7.Write short notes on – jetties, fenoler. 8.Give a complete construction procedure of a break water. 9.Write short notes on- transit shed, light house. 10.Write shot notes on- beacon, break waters

8. AIR POLLUTION

9. UNIT-1 1.What are the problems of air pollution? 2.What are the classification of air pollutants? 3.What are the characterstics of air pollution? 4.What are the sources of air pollution? 5.What are the effects of air pollution on plants, animals, and materials ? 6.Describe the measurement of stack gases. 7.Describe the sampling methods of air pollution. 8.What are the difficulties in sampling?

10. UNIT - 2 1.What are air pollution meteorology? 2.What is stability class condition? 3.What is plume behaviour? 4.What are topographical effects on air pollution? 5.What is wind profiles and wind roses? 6.Explain Gaussian plume model. 7.What are the assumption and limitation of GPM?

11. UNIT-3 1.What are the sources of sox? 2.What are the sources of Nox? 3.What are the characteristics of Sox? 4.What are the characterstics of Nox? 5.Explain the effects of sox on human health,plants and animals. 6.Explain the effects of Nox on human health, plants and animals. 7.What are the sox control techniques? 8.What are the Nox control techniques?

12. Unit-4 1.Describe any two major air pollution disastor episodes. 2.What are the special diseases caused by air polltion? 3.What are the symptoms of chronic air pollution? 4.Describe the mechanisms of deterioration in polluted atmosphere. 5.What are the effects of air pollution on art treasures in india?

13. Unit-5 1.What are air quality criteria and emmision standards? 2.What are air quality US and Indian standards? 3.What is air pollution act? 4.What are the powers and functions of the boards? 5.Explain global effects of air pollution.