1. ACTIVE REVISION LESSONS VOLUME 1 - LESSON 3 C Drama and Love and Marriage

2. Drama begins as a written text, a …………………., but it is meant for …………….....................………….. A piece of drama is referred to as a ………………. The person who writes it is the ……………………...................... Plays can be divided into ……………. and...……...............…. and a scene covers a single ………............….. in a single ……………………... The performance of a play requires a stage, …………………. and an ………...............………….. The actors are sometimes assisted by a ………………………….., in case they forget their lines. Complete the sentences on drama script play playwright acts performance scenes prompt actionsetting actorsaudience

3. The main parts of a play are the speeches of the characters which can be ………...………………….......... (involving two or more people), ……………...………....…....….. (when a character speaks alone but others are present on the stage), …………………............……….. (when a character is alone on the stage), …………............….. (comments made directly by the character to the audience). Complete the sentences on speeches in drama asides soliloquy monologue dialogue

4. The speeches serve a number of functions. They give information on the ……………………...…... of the story, the ……………………..………….… in the story, the …………………………………..………. between characters ……………………… not shown directly in the play Complete the sentences on the functions of speeches in drama events characters relationships events

5. Complete the sentences on the functions of stage directions in drama physical feelings, personality, attitudes actions pausessilences setting delivery Stage directions describe/indicate a character’s ………………………..…. appearance and his/her …………………………… ……….……………………………………………….……………. and relationships, ……………………….….. and movements, …………………….……., hesitations, ………………….…….. and tone of ……………….………….. in the speeches, the ………………………….

6. A script usually begins with a list of the …………………………………………………..………. The most important character is the ……………………….………………. or hero / ……………………….. Other important characters are referred to as …………………. characters. The term ‘ …………………… character’ refers to one with a lesser role. Characters can be …………………………………………. (psychologically realistic) or ……………. and resemble caricatures of certain personality traits or types. Characterisation occurs through the character’s …………………………… and through the ………………………………………….……….. Complete the sentences on characters in drama dramatis personae protagonist heroine minor main well-rounded flat stage directions speeches

7. Tragedy has a particular structure: ………………………………..…………….… - a positive initial phase in which the characters are in a condition of harmony, ……………………………………..………… - with an increase in the happiness of the characters, …………………….………….. - the highest and happiest moment, ………………………………… - when the characters’ good fortune is reversed, ………………………………… - the reversal of good fortune continues and worsens, …………………………………………………………………………… - the disastrous moment when all hope of recovery disintegrates. Complete the sentences on tragedy an introduction a development the climax the decline the final catastrophe the crisis

8. Tragic characters are recognizable for their high ……………………………………., …………………………….. which draws them inevitably to disaster, ……………………………………………………..…………………………. and their multi-faceted personality which develops in the course of the play, ………………………………… or shortcoming in their personality often referred to as the ‘ …………………………………... ’, use of a …………………………………..……………..…………… which suits their intensity of feeling, use of ………………………………………………….……………………..……. to better reveal their feelings and thoughts and their complexity. Complete the sentences on tragic characters social rank psychological complexity destiny tragic flaw weakness heightened language monologue or soliloquy

9. The audience of a tragedy participates ……………………………………... Their ……………………………………. position means that they are aware of events and problems not all the characters know of. The audience is unable to …………………………….. the situation, despite their knowledge. They therefore feel the ……………………….., grief and pain of the characters and, after the final catastrophe, a sense of ………………… and release of tension. Aristotle referred to this ‘purgation’ as ‘ ………….…………………… ’. Complete the sentences on the role of the audience in tragedy privileged emotionally intervene catharsis relief tension

10. Comedy has a certain structure: In the …………………………..…………., the characters find themselves in a state of ………………………….……… to one another or to their world. During the ……………………………………….., the problems go from bad to worse and new problems are added to the existing ones. In the closing scenes of a comedy the problems begin to ……………...………… and …………………………..…. in what is referred to as the ‘ ……………………………………..… ’. The ending of a comedy is a ………………………....……..., often marked by songs, dances and ………………………………….... Complete the sentences on comedy introduction opposition development unravel are solved happy one dénouement marriages

11. Comedy makes use of various types of humour: …..………………….. humour - when the audience is amused by what the characters say, ….………………………………….... humour- when the audience is amused by the way the characters behave ……………………………………… humour is when the audience is amused by incredible or improbable situations on stage Comedy generally has ………………………. characters who do not change and develop in the course of the play. Complete the sentences on humour and characters in comedy verbal situational simple behavioural

12. It is a play in the style of the ‘Comedy of Manners’ written by the late Victorian playwright, poet, essayist, novelist and society wit, Oscar Wilde. Jack likes to lead very different lives in the two places he lives so, when he is in London, he uses an assumed name, Ernest, while his real name is Jack. His best friend is Algernon and he is in love with Algernon’s cousin, Gwendolen. She doesn’t want to marry a man called Jack so he decides to get christened. Before this can take place, Jack discovers he is the lost son of Gwedolen’s mother’s sister and he was christened Ernest. the play is a social satire for ridiculing, through caricature and clever dialogue, its characters and a farce for its improbable entrances, exits, meetings and non-meetings, shared and unshared knowledge. Say one or two sentences in reference to the following about the play The Importance of Being Earnest

13. Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous plays by William Shakespeare and it is a tragedy even if it has some typical characteristics of a comedy. Romeo and Juliet meet, fall in love and secretly marry. Romeo, after killing Tybalt in revenge for the murder of Mercutio, is sent into exile and does not hear of Juliet’s plan to feign her death to avoid having to marry the nobleman Paris. In the final catastrophe, Romeo rushes back to Verona and kills himself by drinking poison at Juliet’s side. When Juliet awakes from her death-like sleep, she finds her beloved husband dead and kills herself with his dagger. Say one or two sentences in reference to the following about the play Romeo and Juliet

14. This play is by William Shakespeare and it is one of his best comedies. Twin brother and sister Viola and Sebastian have been in a shipwreck and both believe the other possibly dead. Viola lands on the island of Illyria where she decides to dress up as a man and enter the service of Duke Orsino. Viola, now renamed Cesario, soon becomes a favourite. She begins to fall in love with the Duke while he uses her as his emissary to Olivia, the woman he loves. A new twist is added to the plot when Olivia begins to fall in love with Viola/Cesario. The problems begin to unravel and be solved in the dénouement when Sebastian also arrives in Illyria. He falls for Olivia and she, thinking he is Cesario, marries him. Viola reveals she is a woman and this intrigues the Duke, who vows to marry her, providing the traditionally happy ending. Say one or two sentences in reference to the following about the play Twelfth Night