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Road Safety, Public Transportation and Health Andrés Villaveces MD PhD Behavioral & Social Sciences Researcher Health & Infrastructure Safety and Environment Units RAND Corporation March 28, 2012 Pan American Health Organization
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How can we achieve healthy transportation systems? Safety within a healthy system Other elements to consider: –Efficiency, utility, economic value, environmental impact, freedom to choose modes, individual/population benefits –Multimodal uses, connectivity –Legal, political, economic context Health is the primary objective…
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Health impacts: –Obesity –Pollution –Injuries –Stress and mental health –Noise –Other health consequences Health is the primary objective…
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Examples: Mortality risks by mode: Calculating risks Transportation fatalities, per 100 million passengers, by transportation mode, Great Britain, 2004.
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Examples: Mortality risks among cyclists: What are the risks of walking or cycling? What are the risks of NOT walking or cycling RECALL THE PREVIOUS HEALTH RISKS!!!! Calculating risks
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Adapted from: Hartog, J. J., Boogaard, H., Nijland, H., & Hoek, G. (2011). Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Ciencia & saude coletiva, 16 (12), 4731-4744. Calculating risks
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Adapted from: Rojas-Rueda, D., de Nazelle, A., Tainio, M., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2011). The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: health impact assessment study. BMJ, 343, d4521. Calculating risks
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Multi modal options, transport efficiency, and health Source : Arlington County, VA, Bikeshare Transit Development Plan, 2012 Available at: http://www.bikearlington.com/pages/bikesharing/arlington-bikeshare-transit-development-plan/ 61% of users chose an active mode of transportation over a passive mode Mode replacement because of choices relieved congestion in other systems
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Preventative measures and health promotion Health promotion –Physical activity –Air quality –Safety measures (legislation, design, behaviors) –Reducing social isolation and inequalities –Noise reduction –Other economic and social benefits
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