2. Transition Metals - Characteristics Electron configuration Oxidation States Catalysts Coloured Ions

3. 12The Transition Metals131415161718 H1H1 He 2 Li 3 Be 4 B5B5 C6C6 N7N7 O8O8 F9F9 Ne 10 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 Cs 55 Ba 56 La 57 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 Fr 87 Ra 88 Ac 89 What is a Transition Metal?

4. Oxidation States IonOxidation State Na + 1 Al 3+ 3 P 3- -3

5. 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d Energy Ar 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4p

6. 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d Energy Sc 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 4s 2 4p

8. 4s 3d

9. If it begins with “c” move one electron from “s “ to “d”

10. Except for colbalt because the door is bolted

11. Catalysts Speed up reactions Not used up

12. Examples of Ions and Their Colours NameFormulaColour Manganese (II)Mn 2+ Very pale Pink Manganese dioxideMnO 2 Brown/Black PermanganateMnO 4 - Purple Chromium (III)Cr 3+ Green (in solution) ChromateCrO 4 - Yellow DichromateCr 2 O 7 -2 Orange Iron (II)Fe 2+ Pale Green Iron (III)Fe 3+ Pale Yellow Copper (II)Cu 2+ Blue Nickel (II)Ni 2+ Green Zinc (II)Zn 2+ Colourless Cobalt (II)Co 2+ Red Cobalt (III)Co 3+ Blue

13. 12 Aqua Complexes of First Row

14. Guided Practice This will comprise of 5 steps Step 1 Total # of electrons Step 2 e config sequence superscripts Step 3 Fill in superscripts Step 4 Remove unoccupied subshells Step 5 Apply the pirate rule

15. I Do Guided Practice I will show you how to write the electron configuration of Chromium Cr Step 1a determine the total number of electrons in the atom Number of electrons = atomic number For Chromium this is 24

16. I Do Guided Practice Step 2 You need to know and use the following sequence 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, For transition metals we only need to go up to 3d Step 3 Enter the electrons into the sequence. Aufbau principle states that you must start with the lowest energy level

17. I Do Guided Practice I have 24 electrons so 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d 14 left 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2, 3p 6, 4s, 3d 6 left 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2, 3p 6, 4s 2, 3d 4 **If the transition metal begins with a C then move one electron from the 4s to the 3d orbital 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2, 3p 6, 4s 1, 3d 5

18. Example 2 Electron configuration for Ti Step 1 How many electrons Ti has an atomic number of 22 Step 2 write out sequence 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, Step 3 enter electrons 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2, 3p 6, 4s 2, 3d 2

19. Step 4 check using the periodic table Count from the beginning of the d block Since Ti is the second transition metal then the most outer orbital will be 3d 2

20. WWW We Do Write the electron configuration for Copper.

21. Independent Practice 1) Vanadium has an electron configuration of 1S 2 2S 2 2P 6 3S 2 3P 6 4S 2 3d 3 place arrows in each of the boxes to represent the electrons. 2) Given the atomic number and symbol, which metal is most likely to be a catalyst in an industrial process? A. 20 Ca calcium B. 13 Al aluminum C. 24 Cr chromium D. 50 Sn tin

22. 3. Which letter represents a Transition Metal? A. element E B. element G C. element Y D. element R 4. Which statement is generally TRUE when comparing the Group 1 Alkali Metals with the central block of Transition Metals? A. only Transition Metals are good conductors of electricity B. both are typically hard metals C. both have high melting points D. Alkali Metals are more reactive than Transition Metals

23. 5. Which is a Noble Gas? A. element 29 B. element 37 C. element 26 D. element 36 6. Which statement is generally TRUE when comparing the Group 1 Alkali Metals with the central block of Transition Metals? A. only Transition Metals are good conductors of electricity B. both consist of reactive metals C. both have high melting points D. Alkali Metals are soft, Transition metals are hard As you travel across the transition metals from Sc through to Zn what happen to atomic radius