1. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 1 Gender and Security Sector Reform: Creating Knowledge and Building Capacities NATO Parliamentary Assembly Spring Session Madeira, 25-28 May 2007 Anja H. Ebnöther Assistant Director DCAF

2. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 2 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) DCAF promotes good governance and reform of the security sector through:  conducting research on good practices and policy  encouraging the development of appropriate norms at the national and international levels  making policy recommendations and providing in-country advice and assistance programmes DCAF's partners include:  governments, parliaments, civil society, international organisations  the range of security sector actors such as police, judiciary, intelligence agencies, border security services and the military, but also human security actors

3. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 3 DCAF and Parliamentarians -Working Group on Parliamentary Control of Armed Forces -Parliamentary Staff Advisors Programme in South East Europe -DCAF-IPU Handbook: Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector (over 30 languages) -DCAF – GTF of Stability Pact -DCAF-ECOWAS Parliamentary Assembly -DCAF-Pan-African Parliament (PAP) -DCAF-SADC Parliament

4. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 4 Women in an Insecure World Programme Three pronged approach to gendering SSR: 1.Women Specific Insecurities Example: book, film, DVD resource package and training on VAW, global report on sexual violence in conflict 2.Gender Mainstreaming Example: policy materials/practical tools on the integration of gender into SSR 3.Women’s Participation Example: increasing women’s organizations capacity on and access to SSR processes (UN SCR 1325)

5. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 5 Gender and Security Sector Reform  SSR essential for development, peace-building and promotion of Human Rights  Develop research, methodologies, tools to ensure “gender mainstreaming” into SSR initiatives  UN SCR 1325 (2000) on women, peace and security  The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995)  UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) based on the Convention on the Elimination of any Discrimination against women (CEDAW)

6. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 6 Project Rationale  Current SSR initiatives often fail to integrate gender issues  Lack of policy and practical tools on gender and SSR  Demand from donors and practitioners for resources on gender and SSR

7. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 7 Joint DCAF, OSCE-ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW Project Project Rationale for Focus on Gender and SSR 1.Effectively addresses the gender-based security needs of men, women, girls and boys 2.Women’s participation increases equality and security  Benefits of a gender balanced institution  Benefits of increased participation of women and women’s organisations  Right of women to full and equal participation 3.Gender inclusive institutions are more effective  Benefits of respectful, non-discriminatory workplace  Right to a workplace free of violence, harassment and discrimination

8. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 8 Project Objectives – Creating Knowledge and Building Capacities Main Objective: Increase knowledge, capacities and exchange regarding the gender aspects of security sector reform amongst security sector reform researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Subsidiary Objectives:  Generate and disseminate new, practical research and training materials on gender and SSR.  Build the capacity of SSR practitioners, security policy-makers, and parliamentarians to mainstream gender into SSR initiatives.  Promote the mainstreaming of gender in SSR policy and programming, including the UN, EU, OECD, OSCE and others.  Strengthen linkages between the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and SSR.  Bring together those working on gender and SSR in southern and northern countries.

9. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 9 Gender and SSR Toolkit – the Tools Gender and SSR: creating knowledge and building capacities Gender and SSR Toolkit 1.Introduction to SSR and Gender 2.Police Reform and Gender 3.Defence Reform and Gender 4.Justice Reform and Gender 5.Penal Reform and Gender 6.Border Management and Gender 7.Parliamentarian Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender 8.National Security Policy and Gender 9.Civil Society Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender 10.Privatisation of Security and Gender 11.Gendering SSR Assessments: indicators, monitoring and evaluation 12.Gender Training for Security Sector Personnel: lessons learned and good practices

10. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 10 Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender Author: Ilja Luciak, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University What is parliamentary oversight of the security sector? Why is gender important in parliamentary oversight of the security sector? What international or regional instruments or laws mandate the integration of gender in parliamentary oversight of the security sector? How to integrate gender into parliamentary oversight of the security sector? Context specific Key recommendations

11. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 11 Why is gender important in parliamentary oversight of the security sector? Inclusive, needs-based security policies Parliamentarians, as elected representatives of specific constituencies, should ensure that security policies address the specific security needs of all their constituents, including women, men, boys and girls. Effective security institutions Parliaments exercise oversight over the performance of security institutions. As integration of gender issues is essential for operational efficacy and efficiency within the security sector, this should be monitored by parliament. Democratic and representative security institutions Parliaments have a particular responsibility to ensure that security institutions are representative and democratically accountable, which includes ensuring the full and equal participation of men and women. Equitable budgeting and resource management To ensure that budgeting and resource management is equitable, parliaments should ensure that budgets are "gendered".

12. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 12 How to integrate gender into parliamentary oversight of the security sector? Inclusive, needs-based security policies Participatory process Gender sensitive security policies Effective security institutions Gender training for security sector personnel Ombudsperson Democratic and representative security institutions Inclusive civil society participation Increase the participation of women and other underrepresented groups Equitable budgeting and resource management Gender budgeting Gender and defence procurement

13. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 13 How to integrate gender into parliamentary oversight of the security sector? Inclusive, needs-based security policies Participatory process Gender sensitive security policies Effective security institutions Gender training for security sector personnel Ombudsperson Democratic and representative security institutions Inclusive civil society participation Increase the participation of women and other underrepresented groups Equitable budgeting and resource management Gender budgeting Gender and defence procurement

14. © 2007 Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) 14 Thank you for your attention! Merci pour votre attention! Questions? Comments?