1. Chapter 17.1 Philosophy in the Age of Reason (1700s)
Enlightened thinkers thought that through the use of reason; thinkers, people and govts could solve every social, political, and economic problem.
Rodin’s “The Thinker”
1880

2. Read p. 544 “Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment”
Focus Q: January 27
Read p. 544 “Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment”
What is the relationship between Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment?

3. 17.1 handout assignment 30 seconds to sit next to a partner
Read your section (5 minutes)
Summarize: underline/circle the
Main point, details
Show and explain on Elmo
Audience: which review sheet Q?
I wonder, reminds me of, simile

4. What you’ll learn….
Scientific advances lead to the Enlightenment—people could solve all problems through reason.
John Locke believes all people possess natural rights and therefore rejects absolute monarchy.

5. Why is this important?
1. Locke’s thinking will be a large part of the philosophical reasons for the American colonies to break away from England.

6. 17 vocab
1 social contract 1 natural rights 1 Adam Smith 1 checks and balances 3 Thomas Jefferson 3 George III 3 George Washington 3 popular sovereignty

7. Vocab review Work in pairs
draw a picture and make a simile for any vocab term
put on board, students guess what term it is

8. Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment
Scientific Revol. of the 1500s, 1600s changed the way people saw their world
Remember the Renaissance: Kepler, Copernicus, Galileo, Newton
Enlightenment: Belief in
the power of reason

9. Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment (Age of Reason)
***natural law or rules discoverable by reason could be used to study human behavior and solve societies (social, econ, political) problems***
***Scientific Revolution natural laws Enlightenment***

10. Hobbes and Locke Have Conflicting Views on human nature and the role of govt
Hobbes: Leviathon (monster)
People are naturally cruel, greedy, selfish
Life in this “state of nature” nasty and short
People enter into a ***social contract: give up their freedom for an organized society***
Only a powerful govt (absolute monarch) could ensure an orderly society

11. Why was a strong
ruler necessary?

12. John Locke: Two Treatises on Govt.
People are basically reasonable and moral
Have ***natural rights: rights belonging to all people from birth***
Best govt had limited power and was accepted by all people
***Govt has an obligation to people: protect their natural rights***
If govts fail or violate natural rights: people have the right (duty?) to overthrow the govt.

13. French Philosophers: 1700s
Montesquieu:
1748: The Spirit of the Laws
Best way to protect liberty—divide govt into executive, judicial, legislative branches (separation of powers)
***Each branch can check the power of the other branches
checks and balances***

15. French Philosophers: 1700s
Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau:
Fought injustice, slave trade,
corrupt govt, praise free speech,
attack divine-right theory,
unequal distribution of property
Basically, people have rights and govt should not be oppressive
Good of the community is placed above individual interests: Rousseau’s social contract

16. Let’s laugh…….. Q: Why does Humpty Dumpty love autumn?
A: Because Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
Q: Did you hear about the kidnapping at school?
A: It's okay. He woke up.

17. Women Challenge
Enlightenment thinking “free and equal” did not apply to women
Women had natural rights, but they were limited to the home and family
Vindication:
excuse or
justification.

18. **Mary Wollstonecraft**
British social critic
Woman’s 1st duty: be a good mother
But women should decide what was in her own best interest, not her husband
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman:
**Called for equal education of boys, girls
Education was the tool needed to compete equally w/ men in public life

19. New Economic Thinking Based on the natural laws of economics
Laissez Faire replaces Mercantilism
“allow to do”—businesses should operate w/ little or no govt. interference
Free trade, no tariffs

20. New Economic Thinking **Adam Smith**: Scottish economist
Free market—**supply and demand**—should be allowed to regulate business activity
Wrote (1776) The Wealth of Nations
supply and demand were the forces that impacted profits, production, wages, trade, economic growth

21. Naturally.  New Ideas Not Welcome
Enlightenment writers who were critical of leaders or govt, their works were censored, books banned and burned, or they were jailed
**to avoid censorship, Enlightenment writers disguised their ideas as fiction**
Gulliver’s Travels

22. 17.1 Notebook assignment: Enlightenment Thinkers
Compare the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Main ideas? In founding documents?
Make a simile for ONE of these Enlightenment thinkers that impacted the American Revolution and our Constitution. (____ is like ____ b/c ___)
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
simile

23. Notebook assignment Locke—natural rights Montesquieu:
Life, liberty, property
Montesquieu:
Separation of powers, checks/balances
Rousseau: “Social contract”
Some controls necessary, but minimal
Only elected govts could impose controls
community over individual interests