2. History of the United States  The U.S. is the world’s third largest country in both land area and population.  The U.S. is rich in natural resources and is fortunate to have a moderate climate, fertile soil, and plentiful water supplies.

3. Northeast – financial center with a large transportation and trade network; was once the dominant economic area of the nation, but that has shifted in the last 50 years Midwest – a major farming region and leading producer of industrial goods; contains the “Corn Belt” (Nebraska to Ohio)and the “Dairy Belt” (Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan) West – livestock, mining, tourism and high tech industries in California’s “Silicon Valley” South – historically an agricultural center but in recent decades new industries like high-tech, automobile, banking, and aerospace have been growing How do you think changes in climate, resources, and infrastructure (technology, transportation, and communication) affect the location of the economic activities of each region?

4. DEMOGRAPHICS AND STATISTICS  http://www.unitednorthamerica.org/simdiff.htm http://www.unitednorthamerica.org/simdiff.htm  Let’s compare the 2 countries and discuss!  Make inferences! https://data.oecd.org/united-states.htm

6. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL United States What stage would you put the U.S. in? YEARCBRCDRNIR 20101380.5% 20001490.5% 19901790.8%

8. Population Geography  The population of the US is concentrated in the northeast.  Why do you think this is?  Canada is the world’s second largest country in area. The population of Canada is concentrated near it’s border with the U.S.  Why do you think this is?

9. Population Geography  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUCotgXCJws https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUCotgXCJws  Answer this in your notes: what are the 4 main findings?

10.  Megalopolises (extensive metropolitan areas) were 1 st seen here  “BosWash”  Stretches through 500 miles of highly urbanized areas from Boston to Washington D.C.

11. Population Geography: Migration  Migration to the U.S. overtime  Historically, most immigrants came from Europe and settled in the Northeast.  Now, most come from Asia and Latin America  Immigration is a source of conflict in the U.S. that we will discuss later on in the unit http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/ 10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html SEE CHANGE OVER TIME!!

12.  Net migration: difference between the # IMMIGRANTS and the # of EMIGRANTS Emigration: migration FROM a location Immigration: migration TO a location Net in-migration: immigrants > emigrants Net out-migration: immigrants < emigrants

14. How do you think immigration to the US over this time period impacted the cultural geography of the country? What about economic geography?

16. Migration by Major Metropolitan Areas in the United States, 1990-98 (in 1,000s) Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

17. Economic Geography  Both free market economic systems based on supply and demand  The US has the largest economy in the world and relies heavily on global trade.  Canada Top 5 Exportrs: oil, cars, natural gas, gold, coal  U.S. Top 5 Exports: machinery, technology, oil, cars, aircrafts  Both countries have very large service sector economies  A service produces intangible goods such as

19. NAFTA The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed into existence on January 1st, 1994. It is cooperation between Mexico, The United States, and Canada that removes tariffs between the three. It also addresses labor and environmental concerns that help promote the betterment of the states involved. The organization does not have any true hierarchy but is simply an agreement to eliminate tariffs. All three state benefit from this agreement, even though Mexico benefits the most since it is a less developed country and has the least money to pay tariffs. The disadvantage of this agreement is that it limits the free trade within a state. NAFTA challenges local diversity because it eliminates economic barriers, which allow corporations to outsource resources. This can be seen through Mexicans driving Hondas or living in American-style suburbs. http://www.dhs.gov/news/2011/12/ 06/fact-sheet-beyond-border-united- states-%E2%80%93-canada- economic-relationship

20. LANGUAGE

22. http://www.learner.org/series/powerofplace/page25.html

24. RELIGION

28. Political Geography

29. Government of the United States  U.S. political system was created by the U.S. Constitution in 1787.  The U.S. has a representative democracy, where people rule through elected representatives.  The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

30. Crash Course US Gov and Politics  Take notes as you watch.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrk4oY7UxpQ&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhr z8H https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrk4oY7UxpQ&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOfse2ncvffeelTrqvhr z8H

31. Canada – Constitutional Monarchy: As per the Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982, Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political  Executive  British monarch – Queen Elizabeth II  Governor General – David Llyod Johnston  Prime Minister – Stephen Harper  Cabinet  Department & agencies

32.  Legislative  Parliament House of Commons Senate  Judicial  Supreme court Federal courts Provincial courts

33. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9H3gvnN468 Electoral Geography…explained!

34. A view of the political spectrum (the left-right thing)

35.  Ex.) The Soviet Union  Complete government control  Ultimate goal = utopian society with no need for gov’t … this is the closest anyone came to “communism”  Extreme form of socialism Communists

36.  Ex.) Sweden  Govt organizes / controls more social programs in order to ensure that all have equal access = higher taxes to pay for all programs Socialists Socialism = the government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of resources, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as education, health care, and welfare

37.  Democratic Party  Believes that govt should actively promote social reform (promotes health care, education, justice, and equal opportunity)  leads to bigger federal govt Liberals

38.  “middle of the road”  Tolerant of others opinions (agrees with ideas / concepts from both sides)  Where a candidate ends up in order to be elected president - a way to get the most votes Moderates

39. Conservatives  Republican Party  Believes govt should be limited, except in supporting traditional values and promoting freedom of opportunity (laissez faire business)  Very little to no progressive change

40.  Libertarians support maximum liberty in both personal and economic matters.  Advocate a much smaller government  Embrace individual responsibility, oppose government bureaucracy and taxes, promote private charity, tolerate diverse lifestyles, support the free market, and defend civil liberties  Liberals: gov’t control econ  Conservatives: gov’t control social  Libertarian: gov’t control neither. Libertarian

41.  Favors a return to a previous state of affairs “back to the good old days” and may be willing to go to extremes to attain that goal  Political society characteristics: discipline, respect for authority, honor, etc.  Ex) The Tea Party Reactionary

42.  Ex.) The Nazi Party  Radical authoritarian nationalism (nationalism to the extreme to protect the state and its values)  Unify the nation (by race & culture & military) and displace weak and inferior nations Fascist

43. Solid Liberal strongly support the social safety net and take very liberal positions on virtually all issues, promote change, rather than its reliance on long- standing principles. diplomacy – rather than military strength – is the best way to ensure peace. SOC AND ECON LIBERAL Faith & Family Left strong support for activist government with conservative attitudes on many social issues., support social safety net but religion and family SOC CONSERVATIVE, ECON LIBERAL Next Generation Left very liberal attitudes on many issues, including homosexuality and abortion, the environment and foreign policy. They are supportive of an activist government, but wary of expanding the social safety net SOC LIBERAL, ECON LIBERAL WITH SOME CONSERVATIVE IDEAS Hard- Pressed Skeptic Deeply financially-stressed and distrustful of government, lean toward the Democratic Party but have reservations about both political parties, cynical about the ability of individuals to improve their lot through hard work, Only about a third (32%) say they work-full-time ECON LIBERAL, SOC MODERATE

44. Young Outsiders young, largely independent group holds a mix of conservative and liberal views, views government as wasteful and inefficient, lean more toward republican ECON CONSERVATIVE, SOC LIBERAL (BOTH MODERATE) Business Conservative traditional small-government, it is wasteful, stay out of business, immigrants strengthen the country and take a positive view of U.S. global involvement. They are less socially conservative than Steadfast Conservatives. ECON CONSERVATIVE, SOC MODERATE Steadfast Conservative overwhelmingly Republican, very conservative attitudes across most issues, including social policy and the size and scope of government, Critical of business and Wall Street, express highly negative attitudes toward immigrants and take a skeptical view of U.S. global involvement ECON AND SOC CONSERVATIVE Bystander on the sidelines of the political process, either by choice or because they are ineligible to vote. None are currently registered to vote. Most follow government and public affairs only now and then (32%) or hardly at all (32%) APATHETIC TO ISSUES

46. The Cold War Two conflicting economic systems, capitalism and communism, competed for influence and power after World War II. The superpowers in this struggle were the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States and the Soviet Union used military, economic, and humanitarian aid to extend their control over other countries. Each also tried to prevent the other superpower from gaining influence.

48. Think- pair-share

49. Recreate the map on your handout and fill in the graphic organizer THE UNITED STATES GOALS 1.Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments 2.Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries 3.Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for U.S. goods 4.Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe SOVIET UNION’S GOALS 1.Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution 2.Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials 3.Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the U.S. influence in Western Europe 4.Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war again.