1. Analyze this image. List 3 things you can infer from looking at it.

2. Industrialization, Reform & the 2 nd Great Awakening American History

3. Industrialization  Industrialization: when a country goes from being primarily an agricultural society to a society focused on manufacturing of goods and services  The USA, like we’ve said, was primarily farmers  Industrialization started in the early 1800s in America  Industrialization: when a country goes from being primarily an agricultural society to a society focused on manufacturing of goods and services  The USA, like we’ve said, was primarily farmers  Industrialization started in the early 1800s in America

4. Industrialization  First man to really open industrialization in the USA was Samuel Slater in 1790  Mill-industry based on the British Model  Textiles was the first and largest industry to develop  Other industries included transportation, iron, communication, agriculture  Ex. Steam engines, iron working, telegraphs, and the cotton gin  Factory System: Where work was performed on a large scale in a central location  First man to really open industrialization in the USA was Samuel Slater in 1790  Mill-industry based on the British Model  Textiles was the first and largest industry to develop  Other industries included transportation, iron, communication, agriculture  Ex. Steam engines, iron working, telegraphs, and the cotton gin  Factory System: Where work was performed on a large scale in a central location

5. Industrialization  Factory Systems were primarily located in the northern region of the USA  The South remained agrarian  Factory Systems centered around the rise of wage labor  Wage Labor: worker supplies labor based on need for funds  Labor primarily centered around children – girls especially  Factory Systems were primarily located in the northern region of the USA  The South remained agrarian  Factory Systems centered around the rise of wage labor  Wage Labor: worker supplies labor based on need for funds  Labor primarily centered around children – girls especially

6. Lowell Mill Girls  “Lowell Mill Girls" were female workers who worked for the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts (MA)  Girls aged 13-30  Women came to the mills of their own unique reasons  These included educational opportunities offered in Lowell or to earn a supplementary income for themselves  It gave the girls a growing sense of independence  “Lowell Mill Girls" were female workers who worked for the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts (MA)  Girls aged 13-30  Women came to the mills of their own unique reasons  These included educational opportunities offered in Lowell or to earn a supplementary income for themselves  It gave the girls a growing sense of independence

7. Lowell Mill Girls  Girls typically worked there for 4 years and were on annual contracts  They worked from 5 am – 7 pm for a rough total of 73 hours a week  SIGNIFICANTLY more than the average 40 hours most people work today  80 women would work in a room with the windows shut and machines running  It was loud and hot  Girls typically worked there for 4 years and were on annual contracts  They worked from 5 am – 7 pm for a rough total of 73 hours a week  SIGNIFICANTLY more than the average 40 hours most people work today  80 women would work in a room with the windows shut and machines running  It was loud and hot

8. Reform  Reform Movement: Social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society  Some reform movements focused on changing things back to the way their were previously, some focus on economics, and some rely on personal transformation  They don’t actually have to change everyone, but can focus on small groups  We are going to focus on 6 reform movements in particular  Transcendentalism, Abolitionism, Temperance/Prohibition, Education, Prison/Mental Health, Women’s Rights  Other reforms include utopian societies and religious reformation via the 2 nd Great Awakening  Reform Movement: Social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society  Some reform movements focused on changing things back to the way their were previously, some focus on economics, and some rely on personal transformation  They don’t actually have to change everyone, but can focus on small groups  We are going to focus on 6 reform movements in particular  Transcendentalism, Abolitionism, Temperance/Prohibition, Education, Prison/Mental Health, Women’s Rights  Other reforms include utopian societies and religious reformation via the 2 nd Great Awakening

9. 2 nd Great Awakening  2 nd Great Awakening was a religious revival in the USA from the 1790s to late 1840s  Strongly included the Baptists and the Methodists and Presbyterians  2 nd Great Awakening wanted to fix the evils of society before society became doomed  Popular in cities and on the frontier  2 nd Great Awakening was a religious revival in the USA from the 1790s to late 1840s  Strongly included the Baptists and the Methodists and Presbyterians  2 nd Great Awakening wanted to fix the evils of society before society became doomed  Popular in cities and on the frontier

10. 2 nd Great Awakening  Charles Finney was a prominent revival leader who supported abolitionism and equality between women and African Americans  The revival was large and primarily happened outdoors  Camp Meetings: People meeting outdoors to sing hymns, worship, and pray that were usually such large gatherings that they wouldn’t have fit inside a church  Camp Meetings made the revival more appealing to those in the mid-west/west because churches weren’t super well-established yet  Camp Meetings appealed to people living in cities because so many people could gather at one remote location and hear the same preaching  Basically, it connected people and created unity amongst people in society  Charles Finney was a prominent revival leader who supported abolitionism and equality between women and African Americans  The revival was large and primarily happened outdoors  Camp Meetings: People meeting outdoors to sing hymns, worship, and pray that were usually such large gatherings that they wouldn’t have fit inside a church  Camp Meetings made the revival more appealing to those in the mid-west/west because churches weren’t super well-established yet  Camp Meetings appealed to people living in cities because so many people could gather at one remote location and hear the same preaching  Basically, it connected people and created unity amongst people in society