2. Important historical events (literature, country’s events, world events) Historical and cultural forces Three big ideas!

3. 1476- William Caxton establishes first printing press in England 1516- Sir Thomas More writes Utopia 1564- Shakespeare born 1576- First professional playhouse opens in London 1599- Globe Theatre, home of Shakespeare’s company, is founded

4. 1609- Shakespeare’s sonnets are published 1611- King James Bible is published 1642- Theaters are closed by order of Puritans

5. Henry VII (reigns from 1485-1509) Henry VIII (reigns from 1509-1547) 1534- breaks from Catholic church Edward VI (reigns from 1547-1553) Mary I (reigns from 1553-1558) Elizabeth I (reigns from 1558-1603)

6. He served as King of England from 1509-1547. He may be most remember for breaking ties with the Catholic church. Pope Clement VII would not permit Henry to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII blamed her for not producing a son to inherit the crown. Thomas Cromwell, Henry’s advisor, led a revolution which led to the formation of the Church of England and permitted Henry to marry his second wife, Anne Boleyn.

7. V.

8. 1580- Sir Francis Drake circumvents the globe 1603- Elizabeth I dies, James I begins reign (until 1625) 1616- William Harvey discovers circulation of the blood 1625- Charles I begins reign 1649- Charles I is beheaded; Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector

9. 1492- Columbus reaches New World 1498- Vasco De Gama reaches India 1543- Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory 1609- Galileo constructs his first telescope 1619- First enslaved Africans arrive in America 1624- Japan prohibits European contact

10. (look at pages 228-229) What are some general topic categories that would cover several events on the timeline?

11. Exploration! Science! Religion!

12. Who ruled England longer, Queen Mary or King James I?

13. James I! Poor Mary died after only serving 5 years on the throne James I served 22 years

14. Henry VII’s defeat of Richard III and marriage to a member of the House of York ended the 30 year civil war, known as the War of the Roses.

15. Remember who those 5 kings/queens are that make up Tudor England!

16. England became an economical and naval power Renaissance was a cultural movement Started in Italy in 14 th century, then swept into France, Holland, and other nations of Western Europe.

17. They relished new ideas and shared a lively interest in the affairs of this world, NOT the afterlife! Political, scientific, philosophical, and religious questions intrigued them French writer, Michel de Montaigne, modeled Socrates question, “Que sais-je?” Or, “What do I know?” He explored the questions

18. LifeDeath

19. What do you know? On a fresh sheet of paper (name, date, block), write down what YOU know about religion, politics, certain philosophies, or scientific exploration. What interests you? What would you explore?

20. Early 1500s, it was a religious revolution that began in central Europe and spread across the country like wildfire A protest against the powerful Roman Catholic Church that significantly influenced the social, political, and economic structure of Europe

21. Pope Leo X empowered agents to travel throughout Europe selling letters that granted pardons for sins. The profits were used for church business, such as the construction of cathedrals 1517- German monk Martin Luther helped spur the movement He protested against the sale of indulgences and other “perceived abuses” of the Catholic church (like these LETTERS!!!)

22. Luther’s protests helped trigger a widespread rejection of the Pope’s authority in Europe

23. His wife, Catherine of Aragon, couldn’t produce a male heir Pope refused to divorce the King and the Queen (stuff like that wasn’t allowed!) Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church of England (or the Anglican Church)

24. Split led to bitter and long-lasting conflicts among religions until the end of the 1600s Henry did have a daughter, Mary I, who became queen (so he went through all of that for NOTHING!) Mary I was Catholic and she executed Protestants

25. Off with the Protestants’ heads!

26. Henry VIII’s other daughter, Elizabeth I, was Protestant. So she started executing Catholics when she came into power!!! In 1588, Phillip II (Catholic monarch of Spain) launches an attack. Elizabeth I’s navy defeats the Spanish Armada. England remained Protestant under Elizabeth I and James I

27. Off with the Catholics’ heads!

28. Humanists and Courtiers A Bard for the Ages The Sacred and the Secular

29. They believed that human endeavor had dignity and worth in its own right. Influenced by that idea, English writers began to shift their focus from other worldly concerns and concentrate on secular subjects (such as love, politics, science, and philosophy) Secular = things opposite of religion

30. Bard = a poet (dictionary.com calls Shakespeare, “the poet”) All about Shakespeare He wrote poems and plays that represent full flowering of the English Renaissance. His work focuses on individuals: heroes and villains who grapple with painful dilemmas.

31. English Renaissance is a time of extreme contrasts Time period produced literature that includes devotional meditations as well as witty reflections on time, transience, and erotic love. The contrast between the SACRED and the SECULAR was sharply drawn!

33. You and a partner will look at the three big ideas and write an outline for each of the ideas! Use one sheet of paper, put both names on paper Humanists and Courtiers- pages 234-235 A Bard for the Ages- pages 236-237 The Sacred and the Secular- pages 238-239