1. Dynamic Soil Properties in Soil Survey Skye Wills NC-CSS

2. DSPs in Soil Survey Dynamic Soil Properties  Those soil properties that change with land use and management.

3. DSPs in Soil Survey Richter and Markowitz, 2001 Millennia Centuries Decades Dynamic Soil Properties in Soil Survey Soil Survey can document properties that change on the human time scale – decades to centuries.

4. DSPs in Soil Survey Soil Change Guide  Current guidance – used as a reference but should not be considered prescriptive

5. DSPs in Soil Survey Dynamic Soil Property: within Soil Survey  5 year plan  Tech Team: representatives from NSSC, regions, SSOs, modeling units, tech centers and state offices  Action Teams  Products, Data Needs, DSP terminology and definitions, Data collection, Data Business Systems Support

6. DSPs in Soil Survey DSP Products Team  Collecting feedback from a range of backgrounds  Two trains of thought  Rigorous, complex and scientifically defensible  Easy and simple (allow for speedy production)  Will add finished projects to Soils DSP page

7. DSPs in Soil Survey DSP past projects Project Name Big Bend Georgia-Tifton Longleaf Comparison Idaho Dynamic Properties MO Pilot Nebraska MRLA 106_Kennebec-Nodaway project Oklahoma MRLA 80A Tabler DSP Project South Dakota - DSP ranges for multiple soil Series Texas MLRA 77A (SHP) Amarillo DSP Project Utah Begay Soil Pilot

8. DSPs in Soil Survey DSP Data Collection  Refine current guidance while working with ongoing projects  Request for project proposal/plans issued through edirectives  Targeted State Soil Scientist and technical soil services

9. DSPs in Soil Survey New 2014 DSP Projects Project Name Response of dynamic soil properties to stand structure on Vassar series, Idaho Indiana Soil Health DSP-Moody – Nora – Alcester Catena Ksat Project (NE) DSP – Hydric Soils in Restored Wetlands (MI) Kansas Irrigation Dynamic Soil Property Proposal

10. DSPs in Soil Survey DSPs as Part of Ecological Site Inventory  DSPs are an important part of ecological feedbacks and thresholds

11. DSPs in Soil Survey Ecological Sites An ecological site is a distinctive kind of land based on: recurring soil, landform, geological, and climatic characteristics that differs from other kinds of land recurring soil, landform, geological, and climatic characteristics that differs from other kinds of land its ability to produce distinctive kinds and amounts of vegetation, and its ability to produce distinctive kinds and amounts of vegetation, and its ability to respond similarly to management actions and natural disturbances. its ability to respond similarly to management actions and natural disturbances.

13. Example STM: Post oak/blackjack oak/little bluestem Hot summer burn and /or long-term grazing Burn, Site prep & Planting / Seeding. No grazing or limited controlled grazing Post oak/flowering dogwood/ tick trefoil- goldenrod. Multi-story. Canopy: 30-90 % Post oak/buckbrush (or similar) Lacks mid-story. Understory single species woody dominated Canopy: open 30-90% Pasture (improved) Non-native grass sod Abandonment for 20+ yr with recruitment of woody natives Harvest, site prep, seeding Pasture Forest Westoby, et. al., 1989 Stringham et.al., 2001

14. DSPs in Soil Survey DPSs and ESI and Soil Survey  Working to incorporate these ideas into soil-systems approach and ecological hierarchies  MLRA  LRU  Characteristic Catena  Landscape Elements  Benchmark Soil – soils that behave similarly, target for DSPs etc.

15. Examples of Soil System Graphics C ecil Pacolet thinner Wedowee yellower thinner Appling yellower Chestatee rockier ( > 15 % rock frags. ) Daniels et al., 1999. Matt Havens, NY SGI, 2008, PA Daniels et al., 1999.

16. Soil Systems : Discussion (C. Hibner, A. Miller; SGI, 2008) Toby O’Geen, UC - Davis

17. shore washover- fan flat barrier island bay bottom washover- fan slope moraine (till) submerged headland Subaqueous Flat Grass Barrier Island/Dune Subaqueous Grass Slope Subaqueous Algae Bottom Subaqueous Rock Weed Headland Mixed Hardwood Till Upland The shore-to-upland Ecological Sites, Landforms, Soil Types and Hydropedology of Little Narragansett Bay, RI. Proposed Ecological Site : Rhodesfolly Hooksan Pishagqua Canton Napatree A horizon Buried A horizon Freshwater flows downhill by through flow, then discharged producing aeric conditions (orange). Freshwater flows above the more dense saltwater in soil. Ground water recharge from the aquifer of the sandy loose till Mean high water level of saltwater Mean lower low level of saltwater Freshwater discharged into saltwater by through flow; sands act as an aquifer Zone of Dispersion Saltwater and freshwater mix in the zone of dispersion by the process of diffusion and mechanical dispersion. freshwater saltwater Modified from Debbie Surabian, NRCS, SGI, 2012 Atlantic Ocean Higher silts, clays, sulfidic materials present due to low energy water movement. Soils: Landforms: fresh water

18. DSPs in Soil Survey DPSs and ESI and Soil Survey  Working to incorporate these ideas into soil-systems approach and ecological hierarchies  MLRA  LRU  Characteristic Catena  Landscape Elements  Benchmark Soil – soils that behave similarly, target for DSPs etc. Ecological Sites

19. DSPs in Soil Survey DSPs as Part of Ecological Site Inventory  DSPs are an important part of ecological feedbacks and thresholds  Need alternative ways to document and describe ecological sites that are dominated by agriculture (or other high- input management)

20. DSPs in Soil Survey Highly Managed Ecological Sites  For cropland systems we propose a model for organizing, analyzing and presenting DSP information

21. Low Degradation / Resilience Threshold Resource Concern Threshold Soil Functions / Ecosystem Services High Attainable for Grain Rotations Production Group Grain Rotation Agricultural Production Groups Forage Crops Vegetable Rotation Ecological Potential Attainable for Forage Crops Production Group Native/ Naturalized States

22. Degradation / Resilience Threshold Resource Concern Threshold Soil Functions / Ecosystem Services Disturbance within one Agricultural Production Group Ecological Potential Attainable for Grain Rotations Production Group Grain Rotations Rotation, low-till, no cover crops Organic system w/ cover crops Monocrop, Deep tillage Continuous no-till w/ cover crops Diverse rotation, tillage

23. Soil Function / Ecosystem Service Time High Degrading / worst Management System Inherent Potential Best Management System Alternate Management System Production Group A Attainable for Grain Production Group Resilience Threshold Worst Management System Trends in Condition

24. DSPs in Soil Survey  Potential to provide value added information to current products  Provide context and support to soil health efforts  Integrate ecological site concepts where vegetation is highly managed  Tech team is working with new projects to develop and test new guidance  Work to meet local, regional and national objectives

25. DSPs in Soil Survey Questions