1. Effects of Aging on the Musculoskeletal System SLO 4.2

2. The Skeletal System Loss of calcium salts and a decreased ability to form the protein framework on which calcium salts are deposited Cells do not regenerate as quickly so bones are weaker, less dense and more fragile

3. Loss of Bone Density

4. Fractures and other bone injuries heal more slowly Muscle tissue is also lost as we age Loss of balance and diminished reflexes can lead to falls

5. Change in vertebral column with age leads to loss in height mainly due to thinning of the intervertebral disks

6. The costal rib cartilages become calcified and less flexible with a decrease in chest diameter by 2-3 cm

7. Reduction of collagen in bone, tendons and ligaments causes diminished flexibility Thinning of articular cartilage and loss of synovial fluid may cause joint damage

8. Process of calcification has minerals deposited in and around joints especially the shoulder, causing pain and limiting mobility

9. The Muscular System Beginning at about 40 years of age, there is a gradual loss of muscle cells causing a decrease in the size of individual muscles

10. Loss in muscle power especially with extensor muscles involved in vertebral column causing the “bent-over” appearance.

11. Weakened muscles cause a tendency to flex or bend at the hips and knees

12. The combination of these factors causes a decrease in the elderly person’s height

13. Table Discussion Questions: 1. What can be done to slow the affects of aging on the skeletal system? 2. What can be done to slow the effects of aging on the muscular system?

14. When working with your clients during clinical, what will you need to consider when aiding in dressing your client? What will you need to consider when you are aiding in transporting your client or aiding your client’s movement?