1. A Fractious People: The Demographics of Division

2. Why demography? Political demographics represents a significant tool for looking at how large- scale events or phenomena develop in terms of the characteristics of populations Political demographics represents a significant tool for looking at how large- scale events or phenomena develop in terms of the characteristics of populations A demographic study of the British colonies in North America prior to the Revolution reveals some very surprising data A demographic study of the British colonies in North America prior to the Revolution reveals some very surprising data

3. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 1650: 1700: 1700: 1725: 1725: 1750: 1750: 1775: 1775:

4. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 1700: 1725: 1725: 1750: 1750: 1775: 1775:

5. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 1725: 1750: 1750: 1775: 1775:

6. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1750: 1775: 1775:

7. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1775: 1775:

8. Population growth in the American colonies 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1625: 2,500; 90% male; 95% white; primary source of increase is immigration 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1650: 50,000; 70% male; 85% white; source of increase now immigration augmented by birth rate 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1700: 250,000; 65% male; 80% white; sources of increase unchanged 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1725: 600,000; 65% male; 80% white; population now doubles every 25 years 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1750: 1.2 million; 60% male; 80% white; wave of immigration 1775: 2.5 million; 60% male; 80% white; under 50% English 1775: 2.5 million; 60% male; 80% white; under 50% English

9. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English

10. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest)

11. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Irish

12. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 8 Scottish

13. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 9 “German” 1 out of 9 “German”

14. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 9 “German” 1 out of 9 “German” 1 out of 10 French 1 out of 10 French

15. Ethnicity of the British American colonies 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 2 (49%) English 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 4 African (60% west; 40% southwest) 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Irish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 8 Scottish 1 out of 9 “German” 1 out of 9 “German” 1 out of 10 French 1 out of 10 French 1 out of 18 Spanish 1 out of 18 Spanish

16. The Atlantic Filter England Elite Upper Middling Poor America Elite Upper Middling Poor Social class of European immigrants

17. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor America America Elite Elite Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

18. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling Middling Poor Poor America America Elite Elite Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

19. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor Poor America America Elite Elite Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

20. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor 75% Poor 75% America America Elite Elite Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

21. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor 75% Poor 75% America America Elite >1% Elite >1% Upper Upper Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

22. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor 75% Poor 75% America America Elite >1% Elite >1% Upper 7% Upper 7% Middling Middling Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

23. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor 75% Poor 75% America America Elite >1% Elite >1% Upper 7% Upper 7% Middling 26% Middling 26% Poor Poor The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

24. England England Elite 2% Elite 2% Upper 5% Upper 5% Middling 18% Middling 18% Poor 75% Poor 75% America America Elite >1% Elite >1% Upper 7% Upper 7% Middling 26% Middling 26% Poor 66% Poor 66% The Atlantic Filter Social class of European immigrants

25. Age and Gender demographics Median age in Europe is about 22 years Median age in Europe is about 22 years Median age in America is about 17 years Median age in America is about 17 years In Europe the median is an “above and below” In Europe the median is an “above and below” In America the median is closer to “average” In America the median is closer to “average” Sex ratio in Europe is 5:4 female to male Sex ratio in Europe is 5:4 female to male Sex ratio in American is Sex ratio in American is 5:3 male to female 5:3 male to female Social consequences Social consequences

26. What does it all mean? Half of the 1775 population had either been born or immigrated within last generation Half of the 1775 population had either been born or immigrated within last generation Population of the “English” colonies is less English than ever before or will be again in the next century Population of the “English” colonies is less English than ever before or will be again in the next century Added to low population density, religious diversity, sex ratios, and low age medians…. Added to low population density, religious diversity, sex ratios, and low age medians…. How could something explosive NOT happen? How could something explosive NOT happen?

27. QUESTIONS?