1. Homeostasis Anatomy and Physiology Unit 5 Sophie Bevan

2. Evaluate the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body (D2)

3. When homeostasis doesn’t work.. Glucose: diabetes/type 1/type 2 Temperature: hypo/hyperthermia/pyrexia in children (fever) Breathing Rate: asthma/altitude/Orndines’ curse Heart Rate: tachycardia/bradycardia

4. What happens when homeostatic mechanisms for blood glucose go wrong? Glucose: diabetes/type 1/type 2

5. Diabetes (mellitus) Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar Due to combination of hereditary and environmental causes Symptoms polyuria (frequent urination) polydipsia (increased thirst) polyphagia (increased hunger) Fatigue Blurred vision Weight fluctuations

6. Side effects of diabetes

8. Diabetes Mellitus Predisposing factors: Obesity Pregnancy Trauma Infection Stress Clinical Readings: Both Type 1 and Type 2 may show signs of: polyuria (frequent urination) polydipsia (increased thirst) polyphagia (increased hunger) Lab analysis may indicate: Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) Hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose) Glycosuria (glucose present in urine )

9. Diabetes (mellutis) Type 1: (insulin-dependent) Lack of Insulin body fails to produce insulin Treatment: insulin injections/insulin pump ‘Childhood onset’ – ‘juvenile diabetes’

11. Diabetes (mellitus) Type 2 (non-insulin dependant) Low insulin and resistance cells fail to use insulin properly, (build up resistance) or there is an absolute insulin deficiency Treatment: changes to diet, lifestyle and exercise, medication(s) "adult-onset diabetes".

13. Gestational Diabetes Pregnant women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes develop high blood glucose levels Normally highest during last three months of pregnancy Affects between 3 – 10 % of pregnancies Caused when the insulin receptors do not function properly. This is likely due to pregnancy related factors that interfere with the receptors Big babies! and increased risk of mother developing type 2 diabetes

15. Homework What happens when the homeostatic mechanisms for blood glucose don’t work?... Diabetes Mellitis