2.  An Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) contains data which when submitted to FDA's CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug product.  Once approved, an applicant may manufacture and market the generic drug product to provide a safe, effective, low cost alternative to the public.  All approved products, both innovator and generic, are listed in FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book). ANDA 2

3. INNOVATOR VS GENERICS S.N. PARAMETERS INNOVATOR DRUG GENERIC DRUG 1. Active ingredients Same Same 2. Safety & efficacy Same Same 3. Quality & strength Same Same 4. Performance and standards Same Same 5. Costs/prescription Highly expensive Less expensive 6. FDA inspection of manufacturing facilities Yes Yes 7. FDA reviews reports of adverse reactions Yes Yes 8. FDA reviews drug labeling Yes No 9. Extensive research and development investments Yes No 10. Expensive marketing & advertising Yes No 11. Patent protection Yes No 12. FDA review to show active ingredient is equivalent to original NA Yes 13. Product Development Time ~ 12 yrs 2- 4 yrs 3

4. Generic Drug Approval  In 1970 FDA established the ANDA as a mechanism for the review and approval of generic versions.  Before 1978, generic product applicants were required to submit complete safety and efficacy through clinical trials.  Post 1978, applicants were required to submit published reports of such trials documenting safety and efficacy. Neither of these approaches was considered satisfactory and so originated Hatch Waxman Act on 1984. 4

5. Indispensability Grounds For Generics  Contain the same active ingredients as the innovator drug (inactive ingredients may vary).  Must be identical in strength, dosage form, and route of administration.  Must have same use/indications.  Must be bioequivalent.  Must have same batch requirements for Identity, Safety & Purity.  Must follow strict standards of FDA's GMPs. 5

6.  Commonly known as “Drug Price Competition & Patent Term Restoration Act” of 1984.  “The Hatch-Waxman Act is an act dealing with the approval of generic drugs and associated conditions for getting their approval from FDA, market exclusivity, rights of exclusivity, patent term extension and Orange Book Listing.” Necessitated By : 1.Absence of Generic drug manufacturing. 2. Cumbersome regulatory procedures. 3. Patients were denied the option of cheaper drugs. Hatch-Waxman Act 6

7. 1. Maintaining list of patents which would be infringed. 2. Only Bioavailability studies and not clinical trials needed for approval. 3. Para I, II, III and IV certifications. 4. Data exclusivity period for New Molecular Entities. 5. Extension of the original patent term. 6. The “Bolar” Provision. General Provisions of the Act 7

8. Recent additions to the Hatch- Waxman Act Under the “Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act”, 2003: 1.Non-extension of the 30-month period. 2.Time limit for informing patent owner. 3.Provision for allowing declaratory judgment. 4.Benefit of exclusivity for several ANDAs filed on same day allowed. 8

9. ANDA CERTIFICATION CLAUSES PARAGRAPH I PARAGRAPH II PARAGRAPH III PARAGRAPH IV 9

10. PARA-I Required patent information has not been filed. FDA may approve generics immediately, one or more applicants may enter. PARA-II Patent has expired FDA may approve generics immediately, one or more applicants may enter. 10

11. PARA-III Patent not expired, will be expired on a specific date. FDA may approved ANDA effective on the date of expiration, one or more applicant may enter. PARA-IV Patent is invalid or non infringed by generic applicant. Generic applicant file notice to patent holder. 11

12. PARA IV CERTTIFICATION After 45 days Patent Holder doesn’t sue applicant ► FDA may approve ANDA. ANDA Applicant granted approval. After 45 days Patent Holder sues the Applicant ► 30months stay granted to Patent Holder. 30 Months stay expired For the first Applicant the EMR of 180 days starts with court’s decision. Subsequent approvals for EMRs are granted after expiry of first applicant’s 180 days. 30 Months stay not expired. 12

13. 30 Months stay not expired If judgement’s in favour of Patent Holder ► FDA can not approve ANDA untill patent expiry. No entry occurs untill Patent Expiry. Judgement favouring ANDA ► EMR of 180 days begins for first applicant. First Applicant enters, subsequent applicants enter only after expiry of EMR for the First Applicant. 13

14. APPLICANT ANDA ACCEPTABLE & COMPLETE REFUSE TO FILE- LETTER ISSUED B.E. REVIEW REQUEST FOR PLANT INSPECTION CHEMISTRY/MICRO REVIEW LABELING REVIEW NOT APPLICABLE LETTER ANDA APPROVED B.E. DEFICIENCY LETTER APPROVAL DEFERRED PENDING SATISFACTORY RESULTS PREAPPROVAL INSPECTION ACCEPTENCE B.E. REVIEW ACCEPTABLE CHEMISTRY/LABELING REVIEW ACCEPTABLE YES NO ANDA REVIEW PROCESS 14

15. MODULE 1 MODULE 3MODULE 4MODULE 5 MODULE2MODULE2 Regional Admin. Information Quality Overall summary Non Clinical overview Non Clinical Summary Clinical Overview Clinical Summary Quality Non Clinical Report Clinical Report Not part of CTD CTD The CTD Triangle 15

16. MODULES IN A CTD MODULE I: Administrative and Prescribing Information 1.Table of Contents. 2.Includes data of Administrative Documents entailing:  Patent Information on patented product.  Patent Certifications.  Debarment certification. 3. Prescribing information like Package and container labels, packaging inserts, patient leaflets, etc. 4. Labelling Comparison between Innovator and Generic drug. 16

17. MODULE II: SUMMARIES AND OVERVIEWS 1.Table of Contents. 2.Introduction to Summary Documents. 3.Overviews and Summaries: Module II should contain documents like:  M4Q: The CTD- quality  M4S: The CTD- safety  M4E: The CTD- efficacy MODULE III: information on product quality 1.Table of Content. 2.Body of Data. 3.Literature Reference. 17

18. MODULE IV: NON CLINICAL STUDY REPORTS Not required in ANDA Filing. MODULE V: CLINICAL STUDY REPORTS 1. Table of Contents. 2. Study Reports including Case Report Forms and Case Report Tabulations. 18

19. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR e-CTD 1.PDF Files with version 3.0 of Acrobat Reader 2.Use of Embedded fonts in the Portable Document Format 3.A Print area of 8.5 inches by 11 inches and margin of 1 inches is ensured on sides. 4.Scanned Documents should be avoided as Source Documents. 5.Hypertexts can be indicated by Blue-Texts or by rectangles using thin lines. 19

20. 6. Numbering on the PDF and Documents should be included as same. 7. Security or Passwords should not be included. 8. Full Indexes should be included. 9. Electronic Signatures may be added, Procedures are being employed for archival of the same. 20

21. BIOEQUIVALENCE A Generic drug is considered to be bioequivalent to Brand drug if:  Rate & extent of absorption do not show a significant difference from RLD.  Two drugs are said to be Bioequivalent if their Bioavailability after administration in same dose are similar to a degree that there effects, with respect to safety & efficacy can be expected to be the same. 21

22. NDA REQUIREMENT ANDA REQUIREMENT NDA Vs ANDA Review Process 22

23. First-Time Generic Drug Approvals - July 2011 Generic Drug Name Generic Manufacturer Brand NameApproval Date FONDAPARINUX SODIUM INJECTION DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES LIMITED ARIXTRA INJECTION7/11/2011 ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA UROXATRAL EXTENDED- RELEASE TABLETS 7/18/2011 ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS SUN PHARMA GLOBAL FZE UROXATRAL EXTENDED- RELEASE TABLETS 7/18/2011 PARICALCITOL INJECTION SANDOZ CANADA, INC.ZEMPLAR INJECTION7/27/2011 METRONIDAZOLE GELTOLMAR INC.METROGEL7/22/2011 23

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40. THANK YOU 40