2. WH9 How did the REFORMATION change our world?

3. The Protestant Reformation The name given to a religious development in the early 16th century. The reformation was led by Martin Luther, a monk from Germany. He said that the Roman Catholic church was corrupt and that it should be reformed (changed). Luther argued that the selling of forgiveness (INDULGENCES) is immoral. The church should be reformed, so that it was less greedy, fairer and accessible to all people, not just the rich and well educated.

4. This painting is a protestant view of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, France. It is the most widely known view of the Massacre. The artist was François Dubois (1529). He did not witness the massacre himself. Dubois depicts a body being thrown out of a window and below King Charles IX is examining it. Further down the street to the left rear, Catherine de' Medici is shown emerging from the Louvre to inspect a heap of naked bodies. Note the dead child in the foreground. And a Catholic youth assisting the soldiers.

6. Martin Luther A 16 th century German religious leader The founder of Protestantism. Luther, a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, began the Reformation by posting his Ninety-five Theses, which attacked the church for allowing the sale of indulgences.priestRoman Catholic ChurchReformationindulgences He soon became convinced that the Catholic Church was opposed to the Bible on the question of justification by grace, through faith, and that no accommodation of his beliefs on this point was possible within the church.Biblejustification by grace, through faith Luther concluded that reform of the church had to happen through reformation of a new body of Christians.Christians He denied the authority of the pope and many other aspects of Catholic teaching.pope

8. 95 Theses October 31st is Reformation Day. It marks the day in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 grievances against the Church of Rome (Catholic church) on the doors of a church in Wittenberg, Germany. Reformation Day I suppose if he was complaining about the food served in the monk’s cafeteria or something, it wouldn’t have caused such a stir, but they were pertaining to the then church’s doctrines and practices. The story goes on from there, with the grievances sparking the Protestant Reformation.

11. John Calvin Luther's followers created one church the LUTHERAN church, but Calvin's followers created many churches: French Huguenots, the English Puritans, the Presbyterians, and the Dutch Reformed Church. Probably the best known aspect of Calvinist theology is predestination, the idea that God has already picked who is going to heaven and Hell

15. COUNTER REFORMATION The movement within the Roman Catholic Church that followed the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

18. COUNCIL OF TRENT A meeting of the heads of the Roman Catholic Church. It reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs and formulated the ideals of the Counter- Reformation. It claimed that Protestant Reformation doctrine was wrong and that mass is all that one needs for salvation It also created the Jesuits

21. JESUITS The founder of the Jesuits, Ignatius LoyolaIgnatius Loyola 1) The Jesuits were to be at the disposal of the pope. 2) They were to go wherever he ordered them to go to save souls. 3) They were excused from communal prayer and masses. 4) All members were to take the three traditional monastic vows. An elite would take a fourth vow of direct obedience to the pope if he sent them on a foreign mission. 5) Faith was to be spread by preaching, spiritual exercises, charity and education in Christianity. 6) They were militant missionaries of the Catholic Church developed to bring Protestants back to the Catholic Church.

24. ENGLISH REFORMATION This is the conversion of England form a Catholic to a Protestant State starting with Henry VIII and completed by Elizabeth I. This new church became known as the CHURCH of ENGLAND, or the ANGLICAN CHURCH.

27. HENRY VIII King Henry VIII was initially opposed to the ideas of Luther.King Henry VIII He was praised by the pope for a pamphlet that he wrote in 1521 that criticized the German monk. However after a conflict with the pope, over getting a divorce, many of the things that Luther said should happen, did happen in England. Henry VIII ordered Bibles to be published in English and took much money and land from the catholic church. Henry VIII actions laid the foundations of Protestantism in England Under the rule of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I England would be transformed from a Catholic to a Protestant nation.Catholic By 1603 the Protestant Reformation in this country was complete

33. ELIZABETH I Ruled from 1558 to 1603. Elizabeth was lucky to become queen, she had, both a brother and a sister before her in the line to the throne. Yet Queen she became and to many historians she is the greatest monarch that England has ever had. Elizabeth was the daughter of Anne Boleyn.Anne Boleyn She was the daughter that Henry didn't want: he was desperate for a son. When Elizabeth became Queen she was faced with several dilemmas. Should she marry? and if so to whom? There was still a lot of religious tension. Would Elizabeth be the Queen Elizabeth who persecuted the Catholics or be a peacemaker and allow people to have personal choice? There was also the problem of her dead sisters husband, Phillip. As King of Spain he was a fearsome foe and he had a very good claim to the throne. More worryingly he was intent on keeping England Catholic. This meant that war was likely. Elizabeth's success as a Queen is a measure of how well she overcame each of these problems. There was war with Spain. England defeated the Spanish Armada and became a world power as a result.the Spanish Armada Elizabeth's reign saw just 4 executions for heresy as compared to to the 280 in Mary's reign. The problem of marriage and the succession was one that was not overcome. There are many theories as to why Elizabeth chose not to marry and many names of supposed husbands to be. At the end of her reign Queen Elizabeth ruled over an England that was stronger politically and wealthier than it had been for hundreds of years. England 'ruled the waves' and was a major world force.

38. JOHANN GUTENGURG’S PRINTING PRESS It made the Bible readily available to everyone People began to become literate.

40. WH9 How did the REFORMATION change our world?