1. The Early Middle Ages Chapter 17

2. Bell Ringer Page 549 Interpreting Maps/ Page 550 Geography & Living 1.What four peninsulas do you see labeled? 2.How might the Alps have affected the movement of people? 3.What kind of climate is found in Southern Europe along the Mediterranean? 4.What resource is found stemming from the center of Europe that has always provided routes for moving people and goods? 5.To what resource do the people in Scandinavia look for what they need? Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, Balkan Hindered movement north & south Dry and warm Rivers Sea

3. Geography of Europe Europe is actually part of Eurasia, the landmass that includes both Europe and Asia. Geographers consider the Ural Mts. To be the boundary between the two continents.

4. Europe’s Topography Europe’s topography varies widely Mts. In the South (Alps) – raised animals South: warm & dry – grew olives & grapes Depended on Trade Northern Plains: fertile soil – major rivers Cities - farms Easy to invade North – Cold and wet Far north looked to the sea and lands beyond for resources

5. Essential Question How did life in Europe change after the fall of Rome? Big Idea: Because Europe has many types of landforms and climates, different ways of life have developed there.

6. Bell Ringer Page 553 Interpreting Maps – The Spread of Christianity/ St Patrick Bio 1.How far north had Christianity spread by AD 600? 2.Where was St. Patrick from? 3.Why did he first go to Ireland & why did he return? Ireland & Britain Britain He was taken as slave, escaped, then returned as a missionary

7. Christianity Spread AD 500s Europe was divided into many kingdoms Middle Ages: 500 – 1500. Fell between Ancient times – Modern times Medieval: Latin for “middle age” Christianity slowly spread into Northern Europe during this time through the efforts of missionaries and monks

8. Christian Missionaries Missionaries: Spread religion to far lands. Britain was one of the first places Christian missionaries were sent by the Pope Then missionaries were sent into what is now France & Germany

9. Christian Monks Monks: men who lived apart from society in isolated communities given to prayer, work, and meditation. Monasteries were built all over Europe to house monks. Monks followed strict rules of behavior. Benedict: Italian monk who created a code of behavior for monasteries. Page 554

10. Franks Build an Empire Franks conquered Gaul – region now called France Charlemagne – Late 700s – strong warrior and ruler who conquered neighboring kingdoms including part of the former Roman Empire Christmas Day 800 – Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of Romans – symbolic of former greatness of Rome Charlemagne built schools across Europe with famous teachers. This teaching influenced social & religious life in Europe for centuries

11. Invaders Threaten Europe 800 - 1000

12. Essential Question How did life in Europe change after the fall of Rome? Big Idea 2: Despite the efforts of Christians to maintain order, Europe was a dangerous place after the fall of Rome

13. Bell Ringer Page 559-560 Feudal Society – Analyzing Visual Page 560 –Life on a Manor 1.How could a noble be both a lord and a vassal? 2.What does “Self-sufficient” mean? 3.What is a Manor? 4.What lasting influence did Charlemagne have on Europe? (Pg 557) A noble could receive land from a Lord & then grant part of it to a lower noble Producing your own food & goods Large estate People began to see themselves as Europeans rather than tribes

14. Knights & Land Life in the Middle Ages was one big web of duties and obligations – people working for those above them Because of invasions from foreigners, nobles had to defend their own land & so their power grew – sometimes more than the King. Nobles hired Knights and paid them with fiefs (land) – The Knight then became a vassal – swearing allegiance to his Lord This system that governed the relationship between vassal & lord was called Feudalism.

15. A Vassal’s Duties Castles were built to defend lands. Early castles were made of wood, not stone If the vassal was given enough land – he became a lord with peasants working the land

17. Feudalism Spreads Feudalism was created by the Franks and spread into northern Italy, Spain, & Germany. William the Conqueror (French) conquered England & brought Feudalism to England 1066. He gave his Knights large tracts of land in England

18. The Manor System Under this system knights allowed peasants to farm their land in return for food or other payment The large estate was called a Manor, complete with a village of peasants and serfs – those who worked the Lord’s fields Men did most of the farming into the night Women made clothing, cooked, gathered firewood Children worked and tended the animals There may also have been skilled craftsman living on a manor.

19. Towns & Trade After 1000 – villages began to grow into towns Plenty of food and increase in population contributed to this Trade increased – some left farming & turned to trade In time – the division of labor and the growth of towns weakened the Feudal System

20. Essential Question How did life in Europe change after the fall of Rome? Big Idea 3: A complex web of duties and obligations governed relationships between people in the Middle Ages

21. Bell Ringer Page 567 – Copy the Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Europe and Japan Feudal Europe Both Feudal Japan Christianity Feudal Government Buddhism, Shinto, Religious themes Royalty – (kings & emperors) Confucianism in Art & Literature Nobles – (Lords & Daimyos) Nature themes in Warriors (knights, samurai) Art & Literature Warrior Codes of Honor Peasants worked Land

22. Vocabulary 1.Eurasia: large landmass that includes both Europe & Asia 2.Topography: shape and elevation of land in the region 3.Middle Ages: period that lasted from about 500-1500 4.Medieval: Latin – “Middle Age” 5.St. Patrick: first missionary to travel to Northern Europe 6.Monks: religious men who lived apart from society is isolated communities, spending time in prayer and work 7.Monasteries: communities of monks 8.Benedict: Italian monk – created a code of rules for monks to follow 9.Charlemagne: strong King of the Franks, created a large empire and united much of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire

23. Vocabulary 10.Knights: Warriors during the Middle Ages who fought on horseback 11.Vassal: Knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land 12.Feudalism: a system governed by relationship between lord & vassals 13.William the Conqueror: Duke of Normandy (France). Conquered England in 1066, crowned himself King of England & brought feudalism to England 14.Manor: large estate owned by a knight or lord 15.Serfs: workers who were tied to the land on which they lived 16.Eleanor of Aquitaine: 1122-1204. Ruled part of France as a vassal to the King. Became Queen of France, divorced the King, and became Queen of England by Marrying Henry II of England. 17.Chivalry: code of honorable behavior for knights

24. Essential Question How did life in Europe change after the fall of Rome? Big Idea 4: Although the Feudal systems of Europe and Japan were similar, their cultures were very different.