1. RAP—SOL REVIEW 1.What is another name for the Old Stone Age? 2.According to the SOLs, how old is mankind? (How long have humans been on earth?) 3.What invention signaled the beginning of the Neolithic Era? 4.What writing system did the Egyptians use? 5.Name the event in which the Hebrews were forced away from their homeland to live in Babylon? (the Bible was written down during this time) 6.Who is the founder of Judaism? 7.What did Buddha teach?

3. China Today… Official NamePeople’s Republic of China Total Area3,600,927 sq. miles CapitalBeijing Population (July 2010) 1.351 Billion GovernmentCommunist party-led state Executive (President, Vice-President, State Council, Premier) Legislative (unicameral National People’s Congress) Judicial (Supreme People’s Court, Local People’s Court, Special People’s Court) LanguageMandarin & other local dialects ReligionAtheism, Daoism, Buddhism, Christian, Muslim TerrainPlains, deltas, and hills in the east; mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west ClimateTropical in south to subarctic in north

4. China Compared to the U.S. ChinaUnited States of America POPULATION 1.351 Billion313.9 Million SIZE 3,600,927 sq. miles3,794,083 sq. miles ECONOMY GDP (2012) $8.227 trillion GDP Growth Rate 7.7% (2013) Gross National Income (2012) $16.08 trillion GDP (2012) $15.68 trillion GDP Growth Rate 1.9% (2013) Gross National Income (2012) $17.06 trillion

5. WHI.4e,f Classical China was centered on the Huang He (Yellow River) and was geographically isolated. Invaders came from the North JAPAN

6. Questions Why was the Great Wall of China built? What were the contributions of classical China to world civilization?

7. Ancient China Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. The Great Wall was built by Qin Shi Huangdi as a line of defense against invasions. (protection) CHINA

8. Rise of Dynasties in China China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties. Shang(1The first Chinese dynasty was the Shang (1766 to 1122 B.C.) –Most of society were peasants who led grueling lives working the fields –Ended in a rebellion led by two Zhou warriors who claimed a divine right to rule

9. Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under a Mandate of Heaven only as their rule was just (fair). Mandate of Heaven—authority granted under heaven to deserving rulers (basis of royal authority) China became a feudal state

11. Strong dynasty establishes peace & prosperity; considered to have Mandate of Heaven. In time, the dynasty becomes corrupt; taxes are raised; power decreases. Disasters or invasions occur; old dynasty is seen as having lost Mandate of Heaven; rebellion is justified. Old dynasty is overthrown; new dynasty emerges

13. Qin Dynasty Qin Shi HuangdiFirst emperor of the Qin Dynasty is known as Qin Shi Huangdi Legalism –Unified China using a harsh system called Legalism to impose order (ended feudalism) Heavy taxes and forced labor Great Wall –Linked existing feudal walls into the Great Wall –Standardized weights and measures, produced coins, and built roads

15. Han Dynasty Eased Legalist policies and lowered taxes Emperor Wudi pursued expansionism –Linked China to the West with the Silk Road Confucianism became the official belief system of the state Hired civil servants to work for the government

16. Ancient China The Silk Roads facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome.

18. Contributions of Classical China Civil service systemCivil service system Paid govt positions; had to pass written exams; positions based on merit PaperPaper 1st to create paper and have moveable type PorcelainPorcelain Beautiful pottery, dolls, etc. SilkSilk Made from silkworms highly sought after fabric

19. Contributions of Classical China

21. Other Contributions Writing: calligraphy (characters) Mathematics: sundial, water clock Science: 365 ¼ days in a solar year Farming: irrigation systems; pumps to control flow of water to fields

22. Other Contributions Inventions: seismograph, wheelbarrow, umbrella, gunpowder, fireworks, kites, compasses, & wallpaper Medicine: acupuncture; herbal remedies Martial Arts: Tai Chi; Karate; etc.

23. WHI.4e,f Chinese Culture began around 1500 B.C. Of Chinese contributions to civilization, Confucianism and Taoism are among the most noted. Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism important in the formation of Chinese culture?

24. Confucius Says… It is better to light one small candle than to curse the darkness. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. Only the wisest and the stupidest of men never change. When we see persons of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see persons of a contrary character, we should turn inward and examine ourselves. To put the world in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must cultivate our personal life; and to cultivate our personal life, we must first set our hearts right.

25. Contributions of Confucianism Belief that humans are good, not bad Respect for elders (filial piety) –Confucius considered this the highest principle Code of politeness, still used in Chinese society today Emphasis on education –For good govt and social order Ancestor worship *an ethical system, not a religion*

26. Believed that social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China if society was organized around 5 basic relationships: 1) ruler and subject 2) father and son 3) husband and wife 4) older brother and younger brother 5) friend and friend

27. Contributions of Taoism (Daoism) Founder: Lao Tzu (Laozi) Dao (universal force) guides all things Humans should: –Be Humble (Virtue of Yielding) –Have a simple life (inner peace) –Live in harmony with nature –Views government as unnatural; should govern people as little as possible

28. Yin/Yang represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism. Yin Yang

29. Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia.