1. © 2010, TESCC Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution)

2. © 2010, TESCC Paleolithic old or ancient + stone 2.5 million to 10,000 BC Stone age Primarily hunters and gatherers Ice age Fire Primitive way of life

3. © 2010, TESCC Key Understanding Geographic factors that allow advances in agriculture create a stable food supply which permits the development of a society.

4. © 2010, TESCC Causes –Hunter – gathering bands scattered seeds near campsites that resulted in growth of new crops (10,000 years ago). –Climate change – rising temperatures led to longer growing seasons and drier land. –Growing populations led to discovery of new food resources and steady source of food.

5. © 2010, TESCC On your paper create a chart to compare what life is like before the development of farming with what it is like after the development of farming. Example on next slide

6. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Life After Agriculture Food Supply Shelter Social Structure (government & religion included) Art & Innovation Specialization Language

7. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Food Supply Food gatherers as opposed to food producers Nomadic – roaming existence –As the food in an area was consumed, man moved on, looking for another food supply –Followed the migration patterns of the herds.

8. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Shelter Nomadic people live on what the environment can provide, such as caves. Temporary shelters made of wood and hides.

9. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Social Structure Social Structure was based on the family. A group of families is called a clan.

10. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Art & Innovation Some drawings and art work have been found. –Lascaux Cave Painting in France Primitive weapons and tools –Sewing needles –Use of fire

11. © 2010, TESCC Lascaux Cave Painting in France 17,300 years old

12. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Specialization Subsistence lifestyle dictated that the number one priority for all family members was to find food.

13. © 2010, TESCC Life Before Agriculture Language Only verbal communication was used. Symbols were used to mark places of importance.

14. © 2010, TESCC As man learns to farm, he is able to settle in one place and able to acquire more things. Although known as a revolution, these changes occurred independently throughout the world over the course of several thousand years. Development of Agriculture

15. © 2010, TESCC Effects Shift from food-gathering to food-producing cultures leads to establishment of permanent settlements and eventually the first cities settlement leads to development of culture including art, religion, and specialization of labor; irrigation systems developed as crop production and land use increase close proximity of people leads to spread of disease; villages and cities susceptible to attacks; settlements could be destroyed by natural disasters

16. © 2010, TESCC Life After Agriculture Food Supply Food Producing: planted, tended, harvested, and stored crops. Domesticated animals are used for food and as beasts of burden. Hunting supplemented the food supply.

17. © 2010, TESCC Use of mud bricks as building material Eventually stones were used, leading to rock being quarried and cut for building. Villages located near fields and other reliable food sources. (rivers/sea) http://www.hyperbear.com/scotland/pictures/scot-skara-brae.html Life After Agriculture Shelter

18. © 2010, TESCC Life After Agriculture Social Structure Complex social structures developed which involved when many clans began living in close proximity. Gender separation: – Men farmed, herded, and hunted –Women did jobs near the home: child- rearing, food preparation, etc.

19. © 2010, TESCC Social Structure continued.. Religion is believed to have been developed to explain the forces of nature Governments developed to organize activities.

20. © 2010, TESCC Life After Agriculture Art & Innovation Carving and statuary, complex tools such as advances in weapons, plows pulled by animals, building techniques, cloth making and weaving Architecture and building for religious or common use

21. © 2010, TESCC Life After Agriculture Specialization People begin to specialize in various tasks: (tool maker), stone cutter, potter, basket weaving, early metallurgy. Regional resources are gathered and traded.

22. © 2010, TESCC Life After Agriculture Language Development of pictographic languages (Egyptian Hieroglyphic) or written language. Developed to keep records concerning food storage & trade.

23. © 2010, TESCC Cities Specialized skills Division of labor Written language

24. © 2010, TESCC Cities Civilizatio n

25. © 2010, TESCC What is a Civilization? Civilization - An advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record-keeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions.

26. © 2010, TESCC Features of a Civilization Some forms of government – can range from being very basic to very complex ( a student council is considered a form of governing body – just someone or a group of some ones – who serve as a central authority or makes decisions for a group). Some form of written language – record keeping became necessary. Why?

27. © 2010, TESCC Division of labor or specialization in jobs – the breakdown of work into its tasks or parts and assigned to various people or groups for the purposes of efficiency Social classes or social hierarchy – in different civilizations, this can be determined on different things, including: wealth, power, different ethnicity, etc. Features of a Civilization

28. © 2010, TESCC Advanced technical skills. Sometimes this means inventions, sometimes it means things like art and/or architecture – an appreciation or development of something that is more than just basic. Religion or belief system – a civilization usually is comprised of people who share similar beliefs. It may vary somewhat among the people but usually there is a core belief that often is reflected in their religious beliefs as well. Features of a Civilization

29. © 2010, TESCC Critical Thinking Do we consider countries that use suicide bombers to be civilized?