1. Colonial Regions

2. Spanish Settlement 1562 Map of America by Diego Guitierrez

3. Spanish Land Use

4. Spanish Relationship with Native Americans

5. English Settlement

6. English Land Use

7. English Relationship with Native Americans

8. English/Spanish Patterns of Conquest Did NOT attempt to blend with Natives Completely take over a conquered area including the land – Indians lost traditional territories – Indians fell victim to diseases from Europe Continued to trade somewhat – but the relationship between the two groups was troublesome – Often had violent conflicts

9. French Settlement

10. French Land Use

11. French Relationship with Native Americans

12. French Patterns of Conquest French presence in New World was based on trade (furs), not on establishing colonies Both sides benefited from trade – French had better relations with Natives

13. Colonization and Native Americans Millions of Native Americans died due to lack of immunity to European diseases. The Middle colonies had the best relationship with Native Americans. Most conflict occurred over land as colonists continued to expand westward Pequot War – Near destruction of the Pequot Nation in 1637

14. Iconic Image Who are the people in the image? What can you say about their lives from the image? Where are they? When was this image painted? Why is this image significant?

15. New England Middle Southern

16. Southern Colonies Southern colonies were settled by people seeking economic opportunities.

17. Divided South Tidewater Appalachian/ Backcountry

18. Southern Colonies RICH people – (Tidewater -- Eastern VA) – “Cavaliers” – English Nobility who received large land grants in Eastern VA from the King of England POOR English Immigrants – (Shenandoah Valley or Western VA) – Sought better lives Small Farmers Artisans – Worked as indentured servants Agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World

19. Southern Colonies: Jamestown Established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London Was a business venture FIRST permanent settlement in North America

20. The Virginia House of Burgesses, established by the 1640s The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly (Representative Democracy) in the New World. It has operated continuously and is today known as the General Assembly of Virginia. Southern Colonies: Jamestown Representative Democracy

21. New England Colonies New England was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe.

22. New England Politics Early democracy in action: – Mayflower Compact  Created a “Covenant Community” – Town Meetings  Direct Democracy Origins from Athenian Democracy John Winthrop, first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony – “We shall be a city upon a hill”. ‒ Church leaders possessed political power.

23. New England Intolerance Many New England colonies did not tolerate those who strayed from the religious beliefs of the colonies, especially in Massachusetts. Called for separation of church and state and land rights for Native Americans. Banished from colony, then founded Rhode Island. Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Challenged church teachings in meetings she led. Banished from the colony in 1638. Salem Witch Trials 20 people were executed and another 100 imprisoned when they were accused of witchcraft. Highlighted social and religious tensions in the Massachusetts Bay colony.

24. Middle Colonies The Middle colonies were the most diverse of all colonies. They were settled chiefly by English, Dutch, and German-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity.

25. Southern Society Land = $$ Money = Power The social structure in the South was based on family status and ownership of land Political affairs dominated by the planter class in the Eastern Lowlands (Virginia required men own 25 acres of land to vote) Middle class and poor farmers settled on the frontier (Scots-Irish) and engaged in subsistence farming.

26. Southern Society/Politics Cavaliers were given large land grants to grow export crops  sold to England As a result of the trade, the Southern colonies had the closest relationship with England. Southerners also maintained an allegiance to the Church of England (Anglican Church)

27. New England Society Everything in New England was based on religion  New England society centered around the church. Social Status in New England was based on religious status

28. New England Intolerance for Dissenters Many New England colonies did not tolerate those who strayed from the religious beliefs of the colonies, especially in Massachusetts. Puritans used the church to hold town meetings, which is a form of direct democracy, based on Athens, Greece. Dissenters like Roger Williams challenged the Puritan belief in the connection between religion and government Roger Williams

29. Middle Colonial Society The Middle colonies were the most religiously tolerant and incorporated a number of Democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen Society was flexible Developed Middle Class of Skilled Artisans, Entrepreneurs (business owners) and Small Farmers Jews and Huguenots Quakers Presbyterians

30. Southern Economy Plantation agriculture Cash Crops – Crops grown to be traded All Southerners believed in the idea of private ownership of land and free enterprise (even the poor) Appalachian (Poor) Economy was based on small scale subsistence farming with hunters and trading Tidewater (Rich) Grew cash crops on plantations to export to Europe Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Tobacco saved Jamestown

31. New England Economy LumberingShipbuilding FishingSmall-scale manufacturing The New England colonies prospered due to their belief in hard work and thrift The New England colonies did not practice large scale slavery or have large plantations due to the cold weather, rocky soil and long winters

32. The Middle Colonies’ Mixed Economy LumberingShipbuilding Many navigable rivers allowed for easy trade. The Middle Colonies were involved in lumbering, shipbuilding and small scale farming Due to the trade and shipping, cities in the Middle Colonies grew as seaports and commercial centers New York, Philadelpia

33. Bacon’s Rebellion  Leads to Full Scale Slavery

34. International Slave Trade

35. Middle Passage

36. Society – All Colonies Great Awakening – Religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid 1700s – Led to growth of Evangelical Religions of Methodists and Baptists – Challenged established religious and governmental orders – Social foundation for American Revolution

37. North America  1700-1750

38. French and Indian War (1754-63)

39. Results of the French and Indian War Britain defeats France Treaty of Paris 1763 – France turns over all land in North America except New Orleans England is Broke The Indians are not happy Indians attack settlers in the Ohio Valley England cannot afford to provide troops for the protection of the settlers in the Ohio Valley Proclamation of 1763