1. Development of Colonies Throughout the 17 th Century, European expansion into the “New World” Gradually led to the development of distinct, and differing, colonial cultures.

2. First Permanent Settlements Things to consider as we continue the Unit… -Migration -Why do people move from one place to another -What problems do migrants face? How do they solve them? -What impact did this have on the natives? Early American Identity -Government -What are the characteristics of a “good” government? Bad? -To what degree did the colonies establish their own systems of government? -What social/political conflicts existed in the colonies? -Geography/Economy -How does geography impact an economy? -How did these conditions impact laborers? -How did trade/commerce impact the relationship between the colonies and England? -Religion -How does religion impact different regions/colonies/etc? -What are positive impacts of religion on society? Negative?

3. Early Chesapeake (Southern Colonies) Jamestown, VA – 1607 – London Company/VA Company – Early Struggles Malaria, Starvation, Lack of Women 80% of immigrants die over first 18 years – John Smith Took control in 1608 Organized raids on Powhatan Indians

4. Early Chesapeake Virginia – “Starving Time” Winter 1609-1610 – Tobacco First cultivated by John Rolfe “Headright” System – 50 acre for immigrants First slaves to America - 1619 – “House of Burgesses” 1619 – First elected legislature 1670 – Only white male landowners

5. Bacon’s Rebellion - 1675 Cause – William Berkeley (Gov) restricts voting rights to land owners only – Refuses to help westerners fight Natives Rebellion – Nathaniel Bacon – angry with govt. Forms Militia Attacks Native Americans and Jamestown Effects – Shows class struggles – Fear of lower class (servant) uprising – Leads to great reliance on slaves

6. New England Plymouth - 1620 – Pilgrims – Puritan separatists 35 saints 67 strangers Aimed for VA Landed in Cape Cod – Mayflower Compact Signed before landing Direct Democracy – Thanksgiving Food for Smallpox

7. Massachusetts (Bay Colony) – Puritans – Purify C of E – 1628 - 1000 emigrated from England – John Winthrop “City on a Hill” - Boston Godly example for rest of world – Religious toleration not allowed New England

8. Maryland - 1632 – Cecil Calvert – Lord Baltimore – Refuge for Catholics Catholics quickly become minority 1649 -“Act Concerning Religion” tolerated “all” Christians – Called for Execution of anyone denouncing Christ – Later overturned – Economy very similar to VA Headright system, ind. servants/slavery Early Chesapeake

9. New England Connecticut - 1635 – Thomas Hooker – People fleeing oppressive – More Fertile than Mass – Fundamental Orders of Conn. First “American” Constitution Rhode Island - 1636 – Roger Williams Controversial Minister Turns away from Puritans Religious Toleration – Anne Hutchinson Spoke out against church and “proper role” of women

11. New England New Hampshire - 1639 – John Wheelright – Fleeing Mass. – Follower of Hutchinson – Technically part of Mass until 1679 King Philips War 1675-78 – King Philip (Metacomet) NA leader – Rose up against English – Shows continued N.A./Colonist Conflict N.A. adoption of fire arms

12. Restoration (1660) 1629 – King Charles dismisses parliament 1640 – Brings parliament back (needs $) 1642 – Parliament becomes angry – organizes militia 1649 – Oliver Cromwell and Roundheads win (execute King) ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642-49) 1658 – Cromwell dies 1660 – Charles’ son regains power So What? **This is why no knew colonies are chartered during these years**

13. Southern Colonies (RESTORATION colony) Carolinas – 1663 - Granted by Charles II to 8 proprietors – Few successful settlements until “Charles Town” in 1690 – Religious toleration – Small Farms in North – Caribbean ties in South Quickly adopt Slavery – Split in 1729

14. Middle Colonies New York - 1664 – 1624 - New Netherlands – Seized by English in 64’ – Very Diverse Dutch, English, Scandinavian, Germans, French, Africans, Indians – Controlled by English New Jersey - 1685 – Broken off of New York – Smaller Elite class

15. Middle Colonies Pennsylvania - 1681 – Named for William Penn Charles II owed his brother $ – Quakers (Society of Friends) “Tremble at the name of the lord” Rejected Pre Destination – Good Initial relationship with N.A. – One of the most successful colonies early on. Delaware - 1701 – Lower colony of Penn. Until American Rev.

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17. Southern Colonies Georgia – 1732 – James Oglethorpe – Buffer from Spanish Florida – Tried to avoid slavery Why? – Excluded Catholics – Debtors Society Few debtors are actually freed

18. Southwest Early Spanish had little concern with their Northern territories – Missionaries, Soldiers, Ranchers only New Mexico – Became the first populated settlement – 10,000 by 1700 – Santa Fe

20. Southwest California – Originally used by European trappers – Spanish setup colonies in Baja Peninsula in 1760s – Missions, forts, trading outposts begin to emerge through 1800 – Devastates Native population Often Used as slaves

21. Southwest Texas – Spanish establish forts after French setup territory in Louisiana. (1682)

22. Caribbean Claimed by Spanish – Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico – Lose interest in 1621 Fighting war w/ Netherlands Claimed by English – Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Barbados Fail to successful grow tobacco and cotton Have success w/ sugar (Rum) What does this lead to?

24. Beginning of the End Navigation Acts – 1660 1.Closed colonial trade to everyone except England 2.All colonial goods go through England and are subject to a tax 3.Regulated trade b/w colonies Dominion of New England – 1686-89 – Combination of N.E. colonies under one English Governor

26. Glorious Revolution - 1688 Bloodless revolution in England – Power given to William and Mary – Gave some power back to colonies – Damage already done End of Salutary Neglect? – Dom. Of NE and Nav. Acts – Two of the first examples – Still 90 years from Revolution