1. LIFE IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES NEW ENGLAND, MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES

2. EXPLORATION Who? Spain – Santa Fe area - 1610 French – Quebec – 1608 England – Jamestown, VA – 1607 Why? Crusades – spread religion Renaissance - ambitious Rise of nation states – power GOD, GOLD, GLORY, SPICES

3. JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT FIRST SUCCESSFUL ENGLISH SETTLEMENT

4. JAMESTOWN, VIRGINIA - 1609 Virginia Company – Joint Stock Company Many do not work – looking for gold. John Smith – “Do not work, do not eat” 8000 arrive – 1200 survive Tobacco – cash crop Plantations – slaves 1619 Self government – House of Burgess

5. PLYMOUTH COLONY

6. PLYMOUTH, MASS. - 1620 Mayflower Compact – establish government & majority vote = rule MEN ONLY 102 arrive – Thanksgiving Fish, fur lumber William Bradford

7. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

8. MASS. BAY COLONY Boston is the hub “Great Migration” – ex-Puritans Anne Hutchinson/ Roger Williams John Winthrop – “city upon a hill” holy society and a model for human kind Assembly = General Court – enforce God’s law Protestant Ethic – work hard

9. SOUTHERN COLONIES Maryland – Calvert Family – Lord Baltimore Virginia – London Company North Carolina South Carolina Georgia – James Oglethorpe

10. SOUTHERN COLONIES Very Warm, moist climate Disease kills many colonists Bacon’s Rebellion – indentured servants SLAVERY – although everywhere – 1750 half of population of Virginia – slave codes Slaves from West Africa Many men – need to bring in women

11. SOUTHERN COLONIES ECONOMY Cash crop – Tobacco Rice Indigo Plantation System – large commercial business

12. SOUTHERN COLONIES EDUCATION Not emphasized Learn how to farm – not read or write Education left to parents Some rich families hire a tutor.

13. SOUTHERN COLONIES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS Anglican – Church of England BUT are tolerant of other religions. Baptist Methodist – social gathering Catholic – Maryland Toleration Act = religious freedom

14. SOUTHERN COLONIES LOCAL CUSTOMS Church is important to provide social activities (farms) Fox hunting Rooster fights Georgia – debtor refuge – no slaves – no elected assembly

15. SOUTHERN COLONIES Society Top are large planters – plantation owners Next small farmers – few slaves Landless whites Bottom are indentured servants and slaves

16. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Massachusetts – Puritans Pilgrims Connecticut – Thomas Hooker Rhode Island – Roger Williams New Hampshire – John Mason

17. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Rocky soil Fresh air – clean water – cooler temperatures Colonists lived longer – 70’s Family very important Men are in charge – women have no voice NOT diverse

18. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES ECONOMY Fishing (cod, mackerel) Whaling - oil Shipping (Triangle Trade) – natural harbors Ship building Lumber – vast amount Live Stock

19. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES EDUCATION Life centers around religion Live right – read the Bible – everyone must know how to read Harvard opened 1636

20. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS Group wanted to “purify” the church of England Separated from the church of England. Came to New World for religious freedom.

21. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES LOCAL CUSTOMS Laws forbidding card playing, gambling, drinking Thanksgiving Witch Trials Penalties for idleness, gossip, foolishness = stockade, dunking stool

22. MIDDLE COLONIES New York – Royal Colony New Jersey – Royal Colony Pennsylvania – William Penn Delaware – was part of Pennsylvania

23. MIDDLE COLONIES Fertile Soil In many ways a combination of New England and Southern colonies – smaller farms, some lumber, shipping and industry Rivers important Ethnically mixed Religious tolerance

24. MIDDLE COLONIES ECONOMY Bread Basket Colonies – corn, wheat, rye Lumber Fur Trapping Iron, coal

25. MIDDLE COLONIES EDUCATION Community not responsible – parents need to educate children Private schools – Quaker – parents must pay for child to attend

26. MIDDLE COLONIES LOCAL CUSTOMS Recreation – horse racing, lacrosse, lottery, theaters

27. MIDDLE COLONIES IMPORTANT PEOPLE William Penn – founder of Pennsylvania Ben Franklin – genius of colonial America – scientist, inventor, writer, diplomat