1. Quick Write 21/22 The Inside Story: Why did Wilson send troops into Mexico? In 1911 Francisco “Pancho” Villa helped drive Mexico’s dictator out of power. To some, Villa was a bandit and murderer, to others, a folk hero. In 1915, as Villa vied for leadership of Mexico, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson gave diplomatic recognition to his rival, Venustiano Carranza. In revenge, Villa and his men killed some Americans in Mexico and crossed the border into New Mexico, killing more Americans. U.S. forces entered Mexico and chased Villa for the next year, but they never caught him. By 1917 U.S. interest shifted to the war in Europe, and U.S. forces left Mexico. Villa retired to his ranch. In 1923 he was ambushed and killed. 1. What did “Pancho” Villa accomplish in 1911? 2. Why did U.S. forces leave Mexico in 1917 before having caught Villa? Answer all the questions fully and be prepared to discuss them to get full credit using complete sentences.

2. 1Unit Guide Map Exercise C- Notes Foldable Spanish American War Activity Map Yellow Journalism C- Notes Panama Canal Stations Revolution Sheet 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Jan 6/7 Jan 8/9 Jan 10/13 Jan 14/15 Jan 16/17 Jan 21/22 Jan 23/24

3. Wilson and the Mexican Revolution When President Wilson recognized Venustiano Carranza as President over Francisco Villa, Villa became angry and killed a group of American mining engineers in Mexico and attacked and killed more in America. Wilson retailed the raid on American territory by chasing Villa back to and through Mexico for over a year trying to catch him. This put American troops in Mexico. Villa was later killed during an ambush a few years later.

4. Diaz Dictatorship From 1877 to 1910 Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico. To come to rule Diaz jailed his opponents, he did not permit freedom of the press, and he used his army to maintain peace at any cost. Diaz received money from foreign investors to modernize Mexico quickly. During this time wealth became concentrated in the hands of foreign investors and small Mexican elite while most Mexicans lived in poverty. Opposition to Diaz was growing stronger the longer he was in power.

5. Mexican Revolution In the Mexican election of 1910 Diaz jailed his opponent, Francisco Madero, and claimed to have won the election. When Madero was released from jail he fled to America, claimed to be the president of Mexico, and called fore a revolution. Unfolded as a series of uprisings in different parts of the country. Rebellions were lead by Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Villa. In 1911 Madero was elected president and tried to start a democracy, but he was overwhelmed by challengers and was overthrown in 1913 by Victoriano Huerta.

6. U.S. Intervention in Mexico The U.S. did not recognize Huerta’s government and Wilson viewed him as an assassin with no legitimate claim to power. Before the Tampico incident Wilson only supported arms sales to Huerta’s enemies. Tampico incident was were members of the USS Dolphin were arrested by Mexican officials and Huerta refused to apologize with a American Flag 21 gun salute. After Tampico Wilson asked Congress to authorize the use of armed forces against Mexico and they approved.

7. Veracruz and the Aftermath Wilson learned German ship was heading to Veracruz to deliver Huerta weapons. Wilson orders U.S. Navy to seize Veracruz. When troops arrived they were met with gunfire and the Battle of Veracruz broke out killing 17 Americans and 300 Mexicans. For the next 6 months the U.S. occupied the Veracruz and threatened to start a war between U.S. and Mexico. Huerta struggled to stay in power and refused to resign, but with pressure mounting he fled to Spain.

8. The Revolution Concludes With Huerta gone Venustiano Carranza, Villa, and Zapata fought for power. America supported Carranza causing Villa to resort to violence against the U.S. He took troops into America burning towns and killing Americans. Wilson sent troops into Mexico, but this caused tensions making Mexicans resent Americans. Wilson pulled troops due to WWI. In December 1916 a Mexican constitution war created, but war continued in the country for many years causing high migration from Mexico to the U.S.