1. Designer Babies Adam Ibrahim Anjellica Williams Brooke Formby, Krystel Seguismundo Nicole Bravo, Valeria Simonetti

2. 1)What is the ethical dilemma? 2)What are the facts? 3)Who are the stakeholders? 4)What are the options? 5)What should I do? 6)Is it justified? 7)How could this ethical problem have been prevented? Seven Steps in Ethical Decision Making

3. Step #1: What is the ethical question?

5. What traits could be changed in a designer baby?  Gender  Appearance  Disease  Personality  Intelligence

6. How is genetic engineering possible?  In-vitro fertilization  Three-parent baby  CRISPR

7. “It would be irresponsible to proceed with any clinical use of germline editing unless and until (i) the relevant safety and efficacy issues have been resolved … and (ii) there is broad societal consensus about the appropriateness of the proposed application.”

9. Step #2: What are the facts?

10. Pros of Genetically Modified Babies Eliminate illness and disease in unborn child:  Scientists remove bad genes by “germline”  Example of diseases that would be eradicated: 1.Cystic fibrosis 2.Huntington’s disease 3.Tay-Sachs disease

11. Longer life span:  Future generations will have a better quality of life Advancements in genetic engineering:  Reverse basic causes of body’s natural decline  Adaptation  Guarantee survival of the human race  Medical advancements Pros of Genetically Modified Babies

12. Genetic Diversity  Identical genomes, the population as a whole will be susceptible to virus or disease. Over Population  Not enough resources on earth New Diseases Rising  It may fix one disease or mutation and cause other diseases or mutations that could make the person sicker or even kill them Cons of Designer Babies

13. Safety Issues  Unknown Consequences of Viral Genes in the Human Body God  The belief that god should have ultimate power and we should not be altering nature Price  Only the rich can offered it Lack of Regulations  No current laws or guidelines Cons of Designer Babies

14. Step #3: What is the perspective of the stakeholders?

15.  The Family – Parents have the intention of preventing the passing of genetic diseases to future generations – Existing children may benefit  Physicians and other healthcare professionals – Duty of nonmaleficence  Government – Regulation of laws Primary Stakeholders

16.  Society – Social changes – Unpredictable long-term effects – Conservative and/or religious groups  HIM Professionals – Interest in the safety and security of the sensitive information Secondary Stakeholders

17. Step #4: What are the options in the case?

18.  Choosing a mate/partner.  Sperm donor.  Mother nature takes its course. Alternatives for Designer Babies

19.  Other nations outlook on GE.  Center for Genetics and Society: geneticsandsociety.org More Information on Genetic Engineering

20. Step #5: What should I do?

21.  Human embryo modification is banned/ discouraged in over 40 nations, excluding the United States.  China is criticized as the “Wild West’ of genetic research.  United Kingdom’s bill allows regulated scientific research in human genetic modification.  “Three parent” babies still discussed as an ethics issue. Worldwide Views

22.  Weigh the unknown long term consequences compared to the common alternatives.  Consider the economic separation (affordability).  How’s the child life will be impacted?  We’re effectively creating our own evolution course. What should I do?

23.  Are we prepared for this “break-though” as a community, nation, and worldwide?  Just because we’re capable of doing something, should we do so? What should I do?

24. Step #6: What justifies your choice?

25. Subjective per family HGM will be passed down for generations Is it justified?

26. Step #7: How could this ethical situation have been prevented?

27. It can’t.

28.  http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/pros-and-cons-of-genetic-engineering.php  http://nlcatp.org/5-key-pros-and-cons-of-human-genetic-engineering/  http://occupytheory.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-genetic-engineering/  http://nyln.org/genetic-engineering-in-humans-pros-and-cons-list  http://staunton.k12.va.us/cms/lib03/VA01000591/Centricity/Domain/287/Genetic%20Engineering%20 Pros%20and%20Cons%20Research%20paper%20PDF.pdf  https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630194-200-human-gene-editing-has-arrived-heres-why-it- matters/ https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630194-200-human-gene-editing-has-arrived-heres-why-it- matters/  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/11558305/China-shocks-world-by-genetically-engineering- human-embryos.html  http://www.techinsider.io/what-countries-allow-researchers-to-edit-human-embryos-2015-10  http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/01/health/genetically-modified-embryos-dna-uk-scientists/  http://www.nature.com/news/don-t-edit-the-human-germ-line-1.17111#/b4  https://www.technologyreview.com/s/535661/engineering-the-perfect-baby/  https://www.technologyreview.com/s/524451/genome-surgery/  https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/ethics-designer-babies  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_donation  http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015061900 References