1. SWBAT: DETERMINE HOW PROGRESSIVES RESPONDED TO POLITICAL CORRUPTION & SOCIAL CONCERNS Origins of Progressivism

2. Do Now According to the cartoons, what were some issues that needed to be addressed during this era?

3. Progressivism WHO? “Progressives”  urban middle-class: managers & professionals; women; Protestants (Social Gospel) WHY? Address problems arising from:  industrialization (big business, labor strife)  urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption)  immigration (ethnic diversity)  inequality & social injustice (women & racism) 1920s1890s 190 1 1917 WHEN? “Progressive Reform Era”

4. Progressivism WHAT are their goals?  Democracy – government accountable to the people  Regulation of corporations & monopolies  Social justice – workers, poor, minorities  Environmental protection

6. Progressivism HOW?  Government: leadership, laws, regulations, programs  Efficiency  Pragmatism – William James, John Dewey: experiment, test, find what produces a well- functioning democratic society  Scientific Management- Frederick Taylor, use science to determine best solutions, organize factory workers in the most efficient manner

7. Muckrakers Investigative journalists who informed the public about corruption, urban living, bad business practices, & unfair treatment of workers

8. Muckrakers Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (1890) Upton Sinclair - The Jungle (1906) Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904) Ida Tarbell - The History of the Standard Oil Co. (1902) Ida TarbellLincoln Steffens

9. Read for Understanding You and your partner will each have a different excerpt from Sinclair’s, The Jungle After reading your excerpt, respond to your questions When you both finish, verbally SUMMARIZE your excerpt to your partner in 3 sentences Conversationally, share your responses with your partner Group Discussion Questions: 1.In your opinion, what is the most disturbing line/section? Why? 2.Meatpacking houses operated like this for many years. Why do you think it took so long to change the industry? 3.How does greed seem to drive action?

10. Municipal Reform Utilities – controlled by cities: water, gas, electricity, transportation systems Commission Plan of Government- voters elect heads of city departments, not just the mayor Manager-Council Plan of Government (aka-Dayton Plan)- elected city council members hired a city manager to direct work of city departments

11. State Reform Secret Ballot: Massachusetts  1910- all states Direct Primary: Robert La Follette of Wisconsin directly put primary into hands of voters Direct Election of Senators: Nevada  1913- 17 th Amendment Initiative, Referendum, Recall:  Initiative- voters require legislature to consider a bill  Referendum- citizens vote on proposed laws printed on their ballot  Recall- enables voters to remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politicians from office before end of term

12. State Reform Temperance & Prohibition:  Divided over alcohol, “drys” (prohibitionists), 1915 2/3 rds of states prohibited sale of alcohol  Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)  Anti-Saloon League Social Welfare:  Jane Addams, Florence Kelley- fought to meet needs of immigrants & working class  Fought for schools, divorce laws, safety regulations for tenements Child & Women Labor:  Proposed child labor laws, safety & working conditions  John Spargo- The Bitter Cry of the Children (1906)  Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, NYC- 146 people (mostly women) died  Muller v. Oregon- protected women from long hours

15. Wrap Up Explain what efforts were made to address the political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality by Progressives?