1. Week 11: Cultural Heritage--Intellectual Property issues Destruction & Loss as Forms of Communication (“preserving what is valued” also may destruction & loss of what is NOT valued) Destruction & Loss as Forms of Communication (“preserving what is valued” also may destruction & loss of what is NOT valued) Discussion of term assignments, handing out quizzes & short reports Discussion of term assignments, handing out quizzes & short reports

2. Today’s Class Session Plan Lecture on the Destruction of Art Lecture on the Destruction of Art Class Presentation by S. Reimer Class Presentation by S. Reimer Discussion of Research Techniques for Final Project (if time) Discussion of Research Techniques for Final Project (if time) Guest Lecture by Mark Pickersgill Guest Lecture by Mark Pickersgill

3. Social Studies of the Rejection and Destruction of Artworks-- Moving beyond Vandalism and Iconoclasm to an analysis of the diverse meanings of the rejection of artworks--

4. Readings: Required Appiah, Kwame Anthony. “Whose Culture is it? New York Review of Books. Vol. 53(2). On-line version. Gamboni, Dario. “Introduction, Theories and Methods, An Historical Outline”, The Destruction of Art. Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997, pp. 9-51 Recommended Clavir, Miriam. Preserving What is Valued. Museums, Conservation and first Nations. UBC Press 2002. Clifford, J. "On collecting art and culture" in Mirzoeff. The Visual Culture Reader, New York: Routledge, 1998:94-107. Michaels, Eric. “A Primer of Restrictions on Picture-Taking in tradition areas of aboriginal Australia”, Bad Aboriginal Art. Tradition, Media and Cultural Horizons. Minneapolis: U. Minnesota Press, 1994, pp. 1-18. Recall: Bourdieu: Recall: Bourdieu: –“circle of belief” “creation of belief in the value of symbolic goods”

5. Identity issues in the practice of the arts Inclusion/cohesion Inclusion/cohesion –Art as expression of identity, difference (distinction) exclusion exclusion –Discriminatory Dimensions of Artistic Practices & Institutions –Censorship and/or Democratization

6. Key issues in Democratization debates public’s rights & public funding (access,control, taste) public’s rights & public funding (access,control, taste) “levels” of knowledge & tastes “levels” of knowledge & tastes artist’s rights & responsibility to be “leaders” in society artist’s rights & responsibility to be “leaders” in society

7. Censorship as an outcome of democratization artists’ (& minority publics’) rights to artists’ (& minority publics’) rights to – “self-expression” or –freedom of speech (1st Amendment) VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards issues-- what standards, whose standards? issues-- what standards, whose standards?

8. Diversity & Activism : Why? To raise public awareness To raise public awareness Fund-raising Fund-raising political & legal change political & legal change

9. Debates about Arts activities for populations “at risk”? Arts for arts sake? Arts for arts sake? “emancipatory self expression”? “emancipatory self expression”? social service? social service? –Arts for Moral improvement? Carceral methods? (comfort, reform, “normalize”) –Arts and healing?r propaganda? propaganda?

10. Today: Rejection and Destruction of Artworks-- diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks— diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks—

11. Forms of destruction & loss of artistic heritage Neglect Neglect Unplanned degeneration Unplanned degeneration Accidents Accidents War War ‘progress’ ‘progress’ Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists or creators) Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists or creators) Iconoclasm & vandalism Iconoclasm & vandalism

12. Impermanent materials

13. New Approaches to Multiples: Bruce Nauman’s neons

14. Why isn’t everything kept? --The social context of collective memory Personal (family) Networks & Values Personal (family) Networks & Values Community-based criteria Community-based criteria Other factors (sometimes concurrent) Other factors (sometimes concurrent) –Scholarly –Political –Economic –Moral & ethical –Class-based (elite, popular) agendas etc…. Variations in meaning over time Variations in meaning over time

15. Public culture combines Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage Issues –Intangible artistic Heritage preservation of material cultural & BEYOND PHYSICAL “things” Continuing uses & meanings – ideas for contemporary ways of “performing” culture & historic practices Continuing uses & meanings – ideas for contemporary ways of “performing” culture & historic practices Communicating values & techniques (skills) Communicating values & techniques (skills) Kumba African Dance and Drum Group, Nova Scotia

16. Rejection and Destruction of Artworks— More Recommended Readings More Recommended Readings Bolton, R.(ed.) Culture Wars. Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts, New York: New Press, 1992, pp. 28-58. Bolton, R.(ed.) Culture Wars. Documents from the Recent Controversies in the Arts, New York: New Press, 1992, pp. 28-58. Michael S. Roth and Charles G. Salas (ed.) Disturbing Remains: Memory, History, and Crisis in the Twentieth Century. Santa Monica: Getty, 2001 Michael S. Roth and Charles G. Salas (ed.) Disturbing Remains: Memory, History, and Crisis in the Twentieth Century. Santa Monica: Getty, 2001 Post, Robert. Censorship and Silencing Practices of Cultural Regulation, Santa Monica: Getty, 1998. Post, Robert. Censorship and Silencing Practices of Cultural Regulation, Santa Monica: Getty, 1998.

17. Vandalism vs. iconoclasm Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs – Ex. Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan completed March 12, 2002 Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan

18. Fuseli: Artist weeping in despair …. diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks diverse meanings of the disappearance & rejection of artworks Vandalism vs. Iconoclasm Vandalism vs. Iconoclasm Vandalists: ignorant, senselessVandalists: ignorant, senseless Iconoclasts: deliberate opposition, “rationale” grounded in system of valuesIconoclasts: deliberate opposition, “rationale” grounded in system of values

19. Iconoclasm-- Religious Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs Iconoclasm : deliberate destruction of images rooted in religious, political or other socio-cultural beliefs – Ex. Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan completed March 12, 2002 Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan Destruction of 3 rd c. A.D. Buddhas by Taleban in Afghanistan

20. Iconoclasm: Afghanistan Buddha (partly destroyed)

21. Close-up Afghanistan Buddha (bombing)

22. Iconoclasm—Political :Stalin

23. Iconoclasm: Unitas

24. Vandalism Senseless Senseless –Vandals as idiots –Goya: No sabe que hace

25. Lesueur Vandals as silly

26. Other forms of loss of art Neglect Neglect ‘progress’ ‘progress’ Unplanned degeneration Unplanned degeneration Accidents Accidents Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists) Planned disappearance (sometimes by artists)

27. Ephemeral Art (ex. Land Art)

28. Impermanent materials

29. Censorship and controversies as social “devices” for recognition Case study: Rachel Whiteread’s 1993 House and the awarding of the “X- prize”

30. “House” & 1993 Turner Prize

31. X-prize JAMS, Kopyright Liberation Front (KLF)K Foundation, --Jimmy Cuaty & --Jimmy Cuaty & Bill Drummond Bill Drummond -Brit Awards -Brit Awards

32. X-prize ads

33. Armoured cars

34. X-prize award night

35. Award night

36. more

37. Actual prize

38. Meaning of prize Mocking? Mocking? –contemporary art –competition system –Authority of judges –Money vs. sincerity –Value of particular artwork Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials) Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials)

39. Cauty earlier work

40. Reputations & controversy Whiteread: young artist, strong career since

41. Interior before casting

42. Whiteread working on site

43. Completed work– distance shot

44. Social Issues/contradictions Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats

45. Another view

46. Publicity & book Critics Discourse– Critics Discourse– Aesthetics Aesthetics links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) Feminist metaphor etc. Feminist metaphor etc.

47. British fondness of home Wind in the Willows image Wind in the Willows image

48. Is it art criticism?

49. Public Outrage

50. Mocking newstories

51. Squatters

52. Graffiti/Vandalism Homes for all Homes for all black and white black and white

53. Paint splash

54. Incomprehension (budget house)

55. Destruction of House

56. Destruction

57. Social “functions” of controversy & destruction In this example: In this example: Recognition processes in art worlds Recognition processes in art worlds –reputation of artists– but 2 different “aesthetics” techno- rave music world & high culture visual art world –Value of works (effect of prizes, important collector Saatchi etc.) Opportunities for public engagement— Opportunities for public engagement— –Debates about key issues Poverty, homelessness etc. Poverty, homelessness etc. Internationally Internationally –Varied debates: Status of different national groups, questions of world heritage vs. community or national basis for “ownership”

58. Subsequent success of artist Whiteread In museums In museums

59. Prestigous commissions; Holocaust memorial

60. Musicians Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup

61. Case Study about censurship and controversies (Rachel Whiteread’s 1993 House and the awarding of the “X- prize”)

62. “House” & 1993 Turner Prize

63. X-prize JAMS, Kopyright Liberation Front (KLF)K Foundation, --Jimmy Cuaty & --Jimmy Cuaty & Bill Drummond Bill Drummond -Brit Awards -Brit Awards

64. X-prize ads

65. Armoured cars

66. X-prize award night

67. Award night

68. more

69. Actual prize

70. Meaning of prize Mocking? Mocking? –contemporary art –competition system –Authority of judges –Money vs. sincerity –Value of particular artwork Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials) Other events (musicians market art made of money for ½ value of materials)

71. Cauty earlier work

72. Reputation s & controvers y Whiteread: young artist, strong career since

73. Interior before casting

74. Whiteread working on site

75. Completed work– distance shot

76. Social Issues/contradictions Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Former hold-out (elderly) convinced to sell for art monument Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Solidarity with homeless but Stopping low- rent housing project Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats Financed with public funds and donation from company believed guilty of destruction of neightbourhoods & natural habitats

77. Another view

78. Publicity & book Critics Discourse– Critics Discourse– Aesthetics Aesthetics links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) links to major monuments of art history (ex.Atrium House Pompei) Feminist metaphor etc. Feminist metaphor etc.

79. British fondness of home Wind in the Willows image Wind in the Willows image

80. Is it art criticism?

81. Public Outrage

82. Mocking newstories

83. Squatters

84. Graffiti/Vandalism Homes for all Homes for all black and white black and white

85. Paint splash

86. Incomprehension (budget house)

87. Destruction of House

88. Destruction

89. Social “functions” of controversy Within art worlds Within art worlds –reputation of artists– but 2 different “aesthetics” techno- rave music world & high culture visual art world –Value of works (effect of prizes, important collector Saatchi etc.) In society— In society— –Debates about key issues Poverty, homelessness etc. Poverty, homelessness etc. Internationally Internationally –Status of different national groups

90. Subsequent success of artist Whiteread In museums In museums

91. Prestigous commissions; Holocaust memorial

92. Musicians Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) Financial difficulties, court case (defacing image of queen– by hammering bills to panel) “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup “***K the millenium”– theme song for 1998 world cup

93. Censorship as an outcome of democratization artists’ & minority publics’ rights to artists’ & minority publics’ rights to –“self-expression” or –freedom of speech (1st Amendment in US) –But systematic suppression VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards VS. public’s rights & government’s duties to enforce standards issues-- what standards, whose standards? issues-- what standards, whose standards?