1. Chapter 7- Solutions Solution A mixture whose parts are evenly mixed Hard to see the different parts Three Types: 1.Gas- mixture of 2 or more gases Ex. The air we breathe

2. 2. Solid mixture of 2 or more solids Ex. Gold jewelry (copper + gold)= ALLOY

3. 3. Liquid (3 types) liquid + solid (saline solution) liquid + gas (carbonated soda) liquid + liquid (vinegar and water)

4. Terms to Remember: 1.Solute The stuff being dissolved 2. Solvent The stuff doing the dissolving WATER is most common example

5. Things That Affect How Fast/Slow Something Dissolves 1.Temperature of solvent(water) 2.Size of Solute 3.Help from you (stir)

6. Concentrated vs. Diluted Solutions 1.Concentrated Lots of dissolved stuff (solute) compared to water (solvent) 2. Diluted Less dissolved stuff (solute)

7. Soluble vs. Insoluble Soluble- stuff (solute) will dissolve Insoluble- stuff (solute) won’t dissolve

8. Solubility The amount of stuff you can dissolve in water (100ml) at a specific temp. Three types: 1.Saturated Solution “Full” Can’t add anymore stuff = any extra sinks to bottom (won’t dissolve)

9. 2. Unsaturated Solution Not “full” Can still hold more at that temp. 3. Supersaturated Solution Past “full” unstable

10. Solubility Curves

11. Solubility Curves of “real” chemicals

12. Acid & Base Solutions Acid Identified by its properties: 1.Tastes sour 2.Corrodes metals (“eats” away) 3.Reacts with indicators YouTube - Reaction of hydrochloric acid and magnesium Indicator- something that changes color when it comes in contact with an acid or base ex. Litmus paper

13. Common examples: 1.Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- stomach 2.Nitric acid- TNT 3.Sulfuric acid- batteries 4.Carbonic acid- soda carbonation 5.Acetic acid- vinegar

14. Other Examples

15. Base Identified by its properties: 1.Tastes bitter 2.Feels slippery 3.Corrodes metals 4.Reacts with indicators Common Examples: 1.Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)- soap 2.Aluminum hydroxide (AlOH)- antacid 3.Ammonia- NH 4 - cleaning supplies

16. Testing Acids/Bases Litmus Test -tells you if you have an acid or base Two Types: 1.Red 2.Blue If paper ends up red  acid If paper ends up blue  base

17. Testing Acids/Bases cont. pH Test -tells you how strong (dangerous) the acid or base is Paper turns many different colors Each color connects to a pH value (number) on the pH scale

20. What makes it an acid or base?

21. Neutralization Acid + Base “cancel” each other out

22. Heart-burn Story….