1. Reconciling Net Income to CFO using the Indirect Method Start with Net Income Add-back non-cash charges (depreciation, amortization, non-cash restructuring charges) Adjust for changes in operating accounts (non-financial and usually current accounts) Add-back (Subtract) Losses (Gains) from investing transactions (the cash proceeds will be in the investing section)

2. Indirect Cash Flow Statement 1. Cash from Operations = Cash Collections - Cash Payments (Reflects day-to-day cash flows) + 2. Cash from Investing (Reflects assets cash flows that are not day-to-day) + 3. Cash from Financing (Reflects liability and equity cash flows that are not day-to-day)

3. Converting Income to Operating Cash Flows 1. Convert income to Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses 2. Convert Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses to Cash Collections - Cash Payments from Operations Developing the Operating Portion of the Cash Flow Statement

4. Income = Revenues - Expenses 1a. Income = Cash revenues + non-cash revenues - cash expenses - non-cash expenses Solve 1a for Cash revenues - cash expenses 1b. Cash revenues - cash expenses = Income + non-cash expenses - non-cash revenues

5. Two typical non-cash expenses are depreciation expense and purchases on credit (increases in A/P) One typical non-cash revenue is sales on credit (increases in A/R)

6. Insert examples for non-cash revenues and non-cash expenses: 1. Depreciation expense is an example of a non cash expense (Non cash revenues would be subtractions). 2. Accounts/Receivable is an example of an operating asset. 3. Accounts/Payable is an example of an operating liability. (Not all short-term accounts are operating accounts. Some long-term accounts occasionally are operating accounts.)

7. With examples: Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses = Income + non-cash expenses - non-cash revenues becomes: Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses = Income + + depreciation expense + increases in A/P - increases in A/R

8. Recognize that Cash Collections = Cash Revenues + decreases in A/R or Cash Revenues = Cash Collections - decreases in A/R and Recognize that Cash Payments = Cash Expenses + decreases in A/P Cash Expenses = Cash Payments - decreases in A/P

9. Substitute for Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses Basic Relationship: Cash Revenues - Cash Expenses = Income + + depreciation expense + increases in A/P - increases in A/R Equations to be substituted: Cash Revenues = Cash Collections - decreases in A/R Cash Expenses = Cash Payments - decreases in A/P Relationship Becomes: [Cash Collections - decreases in A/R] - [Cash Payments - decreases in A/P] = Income + + depreciation expense + increases in A/P - increases in A/R

10. [Cash Collections - decreases in A/R] - [Cash Payments - decreases in A/P] = Income + + depreciation expense + increases in A/P - increases in A/R becomes CFO or [Cash Collections - Cash Payments] = Income + depreciation expense +decreases in A/R - increases in A/R + increases in A/P - decreases in A/P or CFO or [Cash Collections - Cash Payments] = Income + depreciation expense -  in A/R +  in A/P Rearrange to focus on Cash from Operations (CFO)