1. Part 1: The Blood CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2. Agenda 1. Watch the video “the beast within” and answer the questions that go along with the video FRIDAY MARCH 27 TH, 2015

3. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD Classified as connective tissue Color range – Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red – Oxygen-poor blood is dull red pH must remain between 7.35–7.45 Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body tissues Transports carbon dioxide, heat and metabolic waste away from body tissues

4. BLOOD & BLOOD CELLS Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells – plasma (55% of volume) Nonliving fluid dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more – Formed elements (45% of volume) red blood cells (RBC) – transport O 2 in hemoglobin white blood cells (WBC) – defense & immunity platelets – blood clotting

5. ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS)* The main function is to carry oxygen Contain the protein Hemoglobin Biconcave disks Anucleate (no nucleus) Most Abundant of the Formed Elements Average life span is 100 -120 days 5-6 million erythrocytes in a drop of human blood

6. HEMOGLOBIN Iron-containing protein Transports bulk of oxygen carried in the blood Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules

7. LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS) Crucial in the body’s defense against disease Complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles Leukocytosis: above normal levels of leukocytes Leukopenia: abnormally low leukocyte levels

8. 1. Neutrophils – Main function is phagocytosis – Most numerous leukocyte 2. Eosinophils – Respond to allergies and infections causes by parasitic worms 3. Basophils – Contain histamine granules which initiate inflammation Histamine: inflammatory chemical which attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection, causing inflammation TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES

9. 4. Lymphocytes – Play a role in the immune response, some produce antibodies 5. Monocytes – Largest of the white blood cells – Important in fighting chronic infection – Also participate in phagocytosis TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES

11. PLATELETS(THROMBOCYTES) Derived from megakaryocytes: – Ruptured fragments of multinucleate cells Needed for the clotting process Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm 3

12. 1. Anucleate cells, biconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen 2. Leukocytes which produce histamine during an allergic reaction 3. Needed for the clotting process 4. Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies 5. Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are critical in the body’s defense against disease 6. Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1

13. 1. Anucleate cells, bioconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen 2. Leukocytes which produce histamine during an allergic reaction 3. Needed for the clotting process 4. Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies 5. Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are critical in the body’s defense against disease 6. Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1 1.Erythrocytes 2.Basophils 3.Platelets 4.Lymphocytes 5.Leukocytes 6.Hemoglobin

14. “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn the more places you’ll go.” THURSDAY MARCH 26 TH, 2015 Fun Fact Of The Day: The average person consumes 35 tons of food in their lifetime **Notice the new food selections, can be purchased the first and last 10 minutes of class Agenda 1. Finish Part 1 of the Notetaker : The Blood 2. Class time to work on worksheet 1 which is due Friday

15. Antigen: substances that our body recognizes as foreign Antibodies: genetically determined protein molecules in our blood that stick to invading antigens – Antigens then clump together Rice Krispy Question 1. On a rice krispy what would the marshmallow represent? 2. What do the crisp represent? HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS* Antibodies Antigens

16. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Based on the presence or absence of two antigens ON the red blood cell Type A Type B Blood is “typed”/categorized using antibodies found in the plasma Antibodies will clump/attach to certain antigens causing the blood to clump – For Example: A Type A red blood cell has type A antigens on it and B antibodies in the plasma. If Type B blood is donated to the Type A individual the B antibodies in the Type A individual will attack/clump the Type B blood cells causing a blood clot

17. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group A A antigens on surface of red blood cells and B antibodies in your plasma If Type B blood is donated to a Type A individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) The B antibodies in the Type A blood plasma will attack the b antigen on the Type B blood cell causing clot.

18. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group B B antigens on surface of red blood cells and A antibodies in your plasma If Type A blood is donated to a Type B individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) The A antibodies in the Type B blood plasma will attack/clump to the A antigens on the Type A blood cell

19. ABO BLOOD GROUPS* (MAKE CHART) Blood Group AB Both A and B antigens on surface of red blood cells and no A and B antibodies in your plasma Universal Recipient Why is it called the universal recipient? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) Because it doesn’t have any antibodies in it’s plasma to attack the antigens on Type A blood or Type B blood

20. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group O – No antigens on surface of red blood cells, have both A and B antibodies in your plasma – Universal Donor – Why is it called the universal donor? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) Because it doesn’t have any antigens on the cell that can be attacked by the persons antibodies

21. 1. Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor 2. Substances which our body recognizes as foreign 3. List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to 4. Why can type AB blood only donate to someone else with type AB blood 5. Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient 6. Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 2

22. 1. Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor 2. Substances which our body recognizes as foreign 3. List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to 4. Why can type AB blood only donate to someone else with type AB blood 5. Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient 6. Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens 1.The A & B antibodies in the plasma would attach the antigens on Type A, B and AB 2.Antigens 3.B and AB 4.Since it contains both antigens on the cell it can be attacked by the antibodies in Type A, B and O 5.Universal Donor- Type O Universal Recipient-Type AB 6.Antibodies