1. The Age of Oil Essential Questions: Why do people make economic choices? How do new ideas change the way people live? http://connected.mcgraw- hill.com/ssh/book.lesson.do?bookId=C2HODWDOVGDS1LZ8SRKG239B5E&nodeId=77WRR BTTN52YG22L3WSWB5YCG8 View Video Clip:

2. Vocabulary Refinery (Refines products) – A building equipped to refine or process products such as oil, metals, or sugar Boomtown (Town that grows) – A town that experiences sudden growth in population and business

3. Vocabulary Scrip (Like a Gift Card) – Nongovernment currency that could be spent only at a company store Federal Reserve Bank (Nation’s Bank) – One of 12 district banks of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States that manages the nation’s money supply and banking system

4. The Age of Oil In 1866, Lyne T. Barret drilled the first oil well in Texas at Oil Springs. Joseph S. Cullinan built an oil refinery near Corsicana, which was the first refinery west of the Mississippi River. BarretCullinan

5. The Age of Oil Although there was knowledge of oil in Texas for centuries, active oil extraction began in the 1900s.

6. The Age of Oil An oil well at Spindletop produced a gusher of oil that reached as high as 100 feet (30 m) and spouted out about 100,000 barrels of oil before it was capped. Between 1901 and 1902, the Spindletop wells produced almost 18 million barrels of oil.

8. Compare the significance of the discoveries at Corsicana and Spindletop.

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-lYdxp-g-A Video over Spindletop Oil Boom (9:11)

10. Which of the following would best complete the timeline? A.Ranching industry is at its peak. B.First cow town is opened. C.Women get the right to vote in Texas. D.Discovery of oil at Spindletop. D The answer is:

11. This quote would have most likely been spoken during which era in Texas history? A.Cotton B.Cattle C.Age of Oil D.Railroads C The answer is:

12. Which of the following is the most important effect of discovery of oil at Spindletop? A.A new source of inexpensive and efficient fuel changed the future of transportation. (Transformation from a lumber-dominated industry to an oil economy in Texas.) B.Closing of major salt domes in West Texas. C.The decrease in oil prices and illegal oil production. D.The closing of major oil producers such as Texaco. A The answer is:

13. The Age of Oil Investors spent billions of dollars looking for oil, and new oil companies were founded in Texas.

14. The Age of Oil Oilman and inventor Howard Hughes Sr. invented a new rotary drill bit that could break up rock and drill deeper than other drills.

15. The Age of Oil Boomtowns grew rapidly in the areas surrounding active oil fields.

18. Which city grew as a result of being a financial center?

19. What two oil fields were found in the same region as Spindletop and within a few years of it becoming a gusher? What city probably benefited most from the Spindletop oil field?

20. The Age of Oil The lumber industry, which produced derricks that held drilling equipment, grew as a result of oil discoveries.

21. The Age of Oil Work in the lumber industry was dangerous and did not pay well. Some lumber companies paid their workers in scrip, which could be spent only at company-owned stores.

22. Though work in a sawmill was dangerous, some mills employed boys as young as twelve years old. They could work as many as 10 hours a day for a daily wage of 50 cents. Based on the information in the caption, what was the hourly wage for a young sawmill worker?

23. The Age of Oil In 1903, Swift and Armour each opened meatpacking plants in Fort Worth, which boosted the city's population.

25. The Age of Oil Houston became the center of the oil business, and completion of the Houston Ship Channel in 1914 allowed products to be shipped to U.S. and international ports.

27. The Age of Oil Dallas became a hub for manufacturing. Later, Dallas became a center for banking, insurance, and legal services. In 1913 the U.S. government established a regional Federal Reserve Bank in Dallas.

30. The information in the chart would most likely describe the “boom” cycle of which industry? A.Cotton B.Corn C.Cattle D.Oil D The answer is:

31. Which of the following defines the “boom” in the oil industry in Texas during the early 1900s? A.Unemployment rate in the Houston area increases. B.The increase of jobs as the demand for new industries and business grew. C.Falling production in oil refineries. D.Decrease in home construction and population in major oil cities. B The answer is:

32. The development of major industries in Texas resulted in … A.The growth of frontier conflicts. B.Large ranches filing for bankruptcy. C.Changes in technology, culture, and urbanization. D.Movement from windmills to steam power as a source of energy. C The answer is:

34. Quiz C A 1. In 1866, _____ drilled the first oil well in Texas at Oil Springs. A. Edwin Drake B. Hernando de Soto C. Lyne T. Barret D. Howard Hughes Sr. 2. _____ built an oil refinery near Corsicana, which was the first refinery west of the Mississippi River. A. Joseph S. Cullinan B. John D. Rockefeller C. Lyne T. Barret D. George Breckenridge

35. Quiz B D 3. An oil well at _____ produced a gusher of oil that reached as high as 100 feet (30 m) and spouted out about 100,000 barrels of oil before it was capped. A. Corsicana B. Spindletop C. Oil Springs D. Sour Lake 4. Oilman and inventor _____ invented a new rotary drill bit that could break up rock and drill deeper than other drills. A.Joseph S. Cullinan B.Neiman Marcus C.Paul Humble D. Howard Hughes Sr.

36. Quiz C D 5. Cities near oil fields that experienced a sudden growth in population and business were known as _____. A. company towns B. gusher towns C. boomtowns D. oiler towns 6. The oil boom created a demand for products needed by the oil industry, such as _____ for derricks. A. copper B. rope C. granite D. lumber

37. Quiz B A 7. Some lumber companies paid their workers in _____, which could be spent only at company-owned stores. A. cash B. scrip C. debit cards D. credit 8. The completion of the Houston _____ in 1914 made Houston an important seaport for shipping. A. Ship Channel B. Refinery C. Freeway D. Railroad

38. Quiz C D 9. In 1913, the U.S. government established a regional Federal Reserve Bank in _____, confirming that city's reputation as a major banking center. A. Houston B. Port Arthur C. Dallas D. San Antonio 10. In 1903, Swift and Armour each opened meatpacking plants in ____, which boosted the city's population. A. El Paso B. Beaumont C. Austin D. Fort Worth