1. Thursday, April 7, 2016 Level 3 Week 7

2. Announcements Units 7-11 test tonight Review for the midterm on Monday Midterm on Tuesday

3. Agenda Units 9-11 Review Unit 12 grammar (no vocabulary) Unit 7-11 test after the break

4. Unit 9 Present perfect with Already, Yet, and Still review Already Yet Still

5. Already S + has/ have + already + past participle + rest of the sentence S + has/ have + past participle + rest of the sentence + already

6. Yet S + has/ have + not + past participle … + yet. Has/ have + S + past participle … yet?

7. Still Subject + still has/ have + not + past participle …

8. Unit 10 Present Perfect with Indefinite time When we don’t know or when the time isn’t important, we use the present perfect. I have been to Russia. If the result of the action is important for the present, use the present perfect. The traffic has started in the 60 freeway.

9. Unit 10 Present Perfect with Indefinite time Always and never I have always loved baseball. *_______________________> I have never visited China. *_______________________> Have you ever seen a ghost? *_______________________>

10. Just, lately and recently What is the difference if they all mean the recent past? You can use simple past with just. I just came from the bank. I have just come from the bank. I have recently + past participle I have + past part… recently I haven’t + past participle lately.

11. Unit 11 Present perfect and simple past Use the present perfect to talk about things that started in the …. And continue until …. And maybe into the future. Use the simple past to talk about _________actions that have no connection to now. With simple past, you can state the exact time. Ex. I ate dinner at 6:00 PM.

12. Unit 11 Present perfect and simple past Use the present perfect to talk about things that are not finished. I have studied for three hours today. Be careful! If the time period is finished, use the simple past. I ran 7 miles this morning. If the time period is unfinished, use the present perfect. Ex. It is 11 am. I have read 10 emails this morning.

13. Vocabulary game

14. Unit 12 Present Perfect Progressive The present perfect shows that an action is finished some time in the past. I have gone to Italy twice. ( I went to Italy two times in the past) The present perfect progressive shows that an action is unfinished. Have/ has + been + present progressive (verb + ing)

15. Present perfect progressivePresent Perfect The climate has been changingThe climate has changed for many years.many times. How many words are needed for the present perfect? How do you form the present perfect? How many words are needed for the present perfect progressive? How do you form the present perfect progressive?

16. Negative statements The climate has not been getting cooler. How do you form the negative present perfect progressive? Have/ has + not + been + present participle  verb + ing I have not been studying English grammar. 

17. Yes/ no and wh- questions The climate has been changing for many years. How would you change this into a yes/ no question? Have/ has+ subject+ been + present participle (verb +ing) Has the climate been changing for many years? It has been raining for over a week. How would you change this into a yes/ no question? How would you change this into a wh- question? Has it been raining for a week?How long has it been raining? How would you answer this?(wh + have/has + subject + been + present participle Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.

18. Note 1 When we use the present perfect, why do we use it? To talk about events that started in the __________ and continue until __________ and maybe in to the ___________. We use the present perfect progressive, we use it to show that something is unfinished. It started in the past and is still continuing. The focus is on the continuation of the action.

19. Note 1 Past NowFuture _______________________________________________> Have been reading I’ve been reading a book about solar energy. ( I am still reading it).

20. Note 1 We often us the present perfect to show that something is finished. The focus is on the result of the action. Past NowFuture ____________X__________________________________> have read I’ve read a book about solar energy. (I finished the book). She’s written an article. (She finished the article).

21. Note 1 People have been designing homes that use less energy. Is this finished? No! What tense is this? Present perfect progressive Are people still designing homes that use less energy? Yes! = unfinished action An engineer has designed a new solar car. Is this finished? Yes! What tense is this? Is the engineer still designing solar cars? No! He/ she has already designed it. = finished action

22. Note 1 Be careful! The present perfect is used for actions that are finished- actions that started in the past and continue into the present. BUUUUUUUUTTTTTTT if you want to talk about the present perfect, you must use it to describe an unfinished action with since and for. The present perfect progressive for finished actions that ended in the recent past… A: You look tired. B: I am! I’ve been exercising. When do you think B finished exercising? AN hour ago or just a few minutes ago? We use the present progressive for actions that ended in the very recent past. The person looks tired now.

23. Note 1 Use the present perfect progressive for finished actions that ended in the very recent past. You can often still see the results of the action. Look! The streets are wet. It’s been raining. (it started raining very recently). NOT: It’s rained. Do NOT use non-action verbs, such as be, have, and know in the progressive. She’s had the same job since 2000. NOT: She’s been having the same job since 2000.

24. Note 1 (Be careful) We usually do NOT use non action verbs in the progressive. What are other some non-action verbs? Have, be, think, know…. How would we use these verbs in present perfect statements? I have had dinner. NOT I have been having dinner since 4:00PM. I have been to Japan. I have gone to Japan. OK I have been going to Japan for many years. I have thought about studying Chinese. OK I have been thinking about studying Chinese for a few months.

25. Note 2 Present perfect progressive How long + unfinished action Ex. I’ve been reading books about wind energy for two months. I’ve been studying for three hours. He’s been cooking for one hour. They’ve been working all day.

26. Note 2 Present perfect How much, how many things, how many times + finished action Ex. I’ve read a lot about it. She’s written three articles. I’ve read that book twice. I’ve talked to a lot of people. I’ve mailed three packages. He’s called me twice.

27. Note 3 She has been working in Africa for a year. She has worked in Africa for a year. Sometimes, you can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect. The meaning is basically the same. This is true with verbs such as live, study, teach and work with for or since. She’s been teaching French since she got her degree. (She hasn’t always taught French= temporary). She’s always taught Spanish. (She has taught Spanish since she started teaching= permanent. The present perfect progressive can express that the action is temporary and the present perfect can express that the action is permanent.

28. Exercies 1, 2,5,6

29. CASAS sheets