1. Schizophrenia

2. Today’s session You will learn aboutContext Diagnosing psychological disorders Applying diagnostic criteria & distinguishing between subtypes of disorder Considering the impact of mental illness Schizophrenia

3. Many misconceptions Not a multiple personality A psychotic disorder Many manifestations with a few shared features

4. Schizophrenia diagnosis At least two of the following: Hallucinations (us. auditory or somatic) Delusions (oft. linked to hallucinations) Disorganised speech Disorganised or catatonic behaviour Negative symptoms Social & occupational dysfunction Duration of several months

5. Schizophrenia diagnosis Diagnostic subtypes Paranoid Catatonic Disorganised Undifferentiated Type 1 - Episodic, positive symptoms Type 2 - Chronic, negative symptoms

6. Gerald Which symptoms can you identify? Thinking Speech Behaviour Which subtype of schizophrenia would you say he has? Why?

8. NB: ‘schizophrenic’ symptoms can be associated with many different problems e.g. Drug use/abuse Encephalitis lethargica Bipolar mood disorder Accurate diagnosis can be very tricky

9. Schizophrenia prevalence 1% lifetime risk in general population Some geographical variation Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002) Risk factors include low SES, minority ethnicity, urban residence

10. Schizophrenia prognosis ‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): 1/3 recover more or less completely 1/3 episodic impairment 1/3 chronic decline Confirmed in US & UK (Stevens, 1978) 60% of treated patients manage a relatively normal life Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

11. Schizophrenia onset Source: CIHI (2001)

12. What are the implications of being diagnosed with schizophrenia for… Work & employment? Relationships with family & friends? Self-perception? Physical health?

13. Homework Describe the symptoms of schizophrenia (4 marks) NB: balance between complete & excessive answer Don’t just give a list