1. HEALH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

2. Introduction l Many different health care systems deliver health care l Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States l Employs over 14 million workers in over 200 careers l Two billion dollar per day business

3. General Hospital l Facility where patients are hospitalized a short time (few days to a few weeks) l Provide a wide range of diagnostic, medical, surgical, and emergency services l Most small town hospitals are classified as general hospitals

4. Specialty Hospitals l Provide care for specific chronic illnesses l Patients are usually hospitalized for a long time. l Duke Children’s Hospital in Durham is one

5. Government Hospitals l Operated by federal, state, and local government agencies l World-wide facilities for government service personnel and their dependents l Veteran’s Administration hospitals l State psychiatric hospitals l State rehabilitation centers

6. University or College Medical Centers l Provide services, research and education l Can be funded by private or government sources Pitt County Memorial Hospital

7. Long Term Care Facilities (Convalesce Care) l Types l Nursing homes or geriatric homes l Extended care facilities or skilled care facilities l Independent living and assisted living facilities Bern Retirement Village

8. Long Term Care Facilities (LTC or LTCF) l Provide care for elderly or individuals with chronic of long-term illness l Individuals receiving care are usually called residents instead of patients l Help individuals with activities or daily living (ADLs), provide a safe and secure environment, and promote opportunities for social interactions

9. Extended Care or Skilled Care Facilities l This health care facility functions as a bridge between hospital and home when no longer acutely ill. l Provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative care l Prepare resident for return to home l Some have subacute units: provide rehabilitation services for major illness or surgery, treatment for cancer, or treatments such as dialysis or heart monitoring

10. Extended care or skilled care facilities l Independent or assisted living facilities: l Individuals purchase or rent unit and can receive services such as meals, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, social events, and basic medical care

11. Medical Offices Services l Examination l Diagnosis l Treatment l Basic laboratory tests l Minor Surgery l Specialties l (Examples include: Pediatrics, Cardiology, and Obstetrics)

12. Dental Offices l Private offices to dental clinics employing several dentists l Dental clinics now found in major retail/department stores l Can provide general or specialized dental care

13. Clinics l Other clinics operated by corporation or private groups and provide special care: l Surgical clinics or surgical centers l Emergency care clinics l Rehabilitation clinics l Specialty Clinics: Diabetes or oncology (cancer) clinics l Hospitals often operate clinics such as outpatient clinics

14. Clinics l Health Departments offer clinics such as… Pediatric care Sexually transmitted diseases Respiratory diseases Immunizations l Medical Centers also sponsor clinics

15. Optical Centers l Can be individually owned by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) or optometrist (eye specialist) or be part of a large chain of stores l Provide vision examinations l Prescribe eye glasses or contact lenses l Check for the presence of eye diseases

16. Emergency Care Services l Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness l Ambulance services: private and governmental l Rescue squads: frequently operated by fire departments l Emergency care clinics l ERs operated by hospitals l Helicopter or airplanes

17. Laboratories l Can be part of other facility or operated as separate health care service l Medical laboratories: perform diagnostic tests l Dental laboratories: prepare dentures and other devices

18. Home Health Care l Provide care in patient’s home l Examples of care… l Nursing care l Personal care: bathing dressing, and so forth l Therapy: physical, occupational, speech, respiratory l Homemaking: food preparation, cleaning, washing, and so forth

19. Hospice l Provide care for terminally ill persons with life expectancy of six months or less l Common diagnosis is Cancer l Care provided in person’s home or hospice facility l Allows person to die with dignity and in comfort

20. Hospice (continued) l Involves family l Families are counseled and helped in acceptance of the impending death of a loved one. l After the death, the family has continuing support for at least a year.

21. Mental Health Facilities l Deal with mental diseases and disorders l Examples… l Guidance and counseling centers l Psychiatric clinics and hospitals l Chemical abuse treatment centers for alcohol/drug abuse l Physical abuse treatment centers (child or spouse abuse)

22. Rehabilitation Centers l Provide care directed at helping patient with physical or mental disabilities obtain maximum self-care and function l Can include hospitals, clinics, and/or private centers l Services can include physical, occupational, recreational, speech, and hearing therapies

23. Rehabilitation Centers (continued) l They may receive prosthetics (artificial part made for the body) and learn how to use adaptive devices.

24. Clinics, Satellite Clinics or Satellite Centers l Found in many types of health care l Can refer to group of medical/dental doctors who share a facility and other personnel

25. Health Maintenance Organizations l Preventive health care l Examinations l Basic medical services l Health Education l Hospitalization l Rehabilitation services

26. Industrial Health Care Centers l Located in large industries or companies l Provide care for employees of the industry l Services: basic exams, teach accident prevention/safety, provide emergency care

27. School Health Service l Found in schools and colleges and provide the following services… l Emergency care for accidents and sudden illness l Tests to check for health conditions: speech, vision, hearing, and so forth l Promote health education l Maintain safe and sanitary school environment l Counseling

28. Government Agencies

29. l The federal, state, and local governments provide health services. l These services are funded by taxes! United States Department of Health and Human Services

30. Government Agencies W.H.O “World Health Organization” l International agency sponsored by United Nations l Compiles statistics and information on disease l Publishes health information l Investigates and deals with serious health problems throughout the world WHO

31. NIH l National Institute of Health l Research l National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Home Page National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Home Page

32. CDC l Center For Disease Control and Prevention l Concerned with causes, spread and control of diseases in populations l Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

33. FDA l Food and Drug Administration l Concerned with the Safety of Food and Drugs sold to the public l U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page

34. AHCPR l Agency for Health Care Policy and Research: l Established in 1990 to research the quality of health care delivery and identify the standards of treatment that should by provided by health care facilities

35. OSHA l Occupational Safety and Health Administration l Concerned with insuring there is safety in the workplace l establishes and enforces standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illnesses l Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA HOME PAGE Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA HOME PAGE

36. The Public Health Department l Provides services to local communities l Responsible for reporting communicable diseases l public health nursing l Immunizations for disease control l Inspections for environmental health and sanitation l Health education l Keeps records including immunization records, health inspections, birth records, and death statistics. l Also provides maternal and child health services

37. Nonprofit / Volunteer Agencies l Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and federal or state grants l Provide health services at national, state, and local levels l Generally provide information and referrals l Examples????