1. FRACTURE IMPARED JOINT MOBILITY, MUSCLE PERFORMANCE ROM

2. KLASISFIKASI NORMAL –TERTUTUP –TERBUKA SOLITARY OR MULTIPLE ABNORMAL –PATHOLOGICAL DISEASE OSTEOPOROSIS

3. CAUSE TRAUMATIC –DIRECT –INDIRECT ROTATIONAL ANGULATORY COMPRESSION –MUSCULAR FORCE AVULSION –STRESS FRACTURE CRUSH

4. CAUSE PATHOLOGICAL –CONGENITAL Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteopetrosis –INFECTIVE Pyogenic osteomyelitis syphilis –METABOLIC Osteo porosis osteomalacea –DYSPLASIAS – TUMOR

5. GENERAL COMPLICATION VENOUS THROMBOSIS, PULMONARY EMBOLISM FAT EMBOLISM

6. PENYEMBUHAN hematoma proliferasi pembentukan tulang konsulidasi remodelling

7. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penyembuhan tulang Quality of fixation Closeness of the fragment Age State of the bone and underlying disorder Extent of injury Vascularisation Interposition of soft tissue Dissolution of haematoma by synovial fluid Tumors

8. PATERN Transversal oblique spiral Comminuted compression Greenstick

9. Displacement Angulation Rotation Overlapping lateral displace Impaction

10. Local Complication Bone : Delayed, Non, Mal union, - avascular necrosis, Infection Joints : Adhesion, ROM of mal union, myositis Ossificant, Sudeck’s Atrophy, late athritis Nerve : Neuropraxia, Axonotmesis, neurotmesis Artery : Disruption of the vesel, Thrombosis, Compression Muscle & tendon : Ruptur, Avulsi, Tendinitis, Atrophy, myositis osificant

11. Complication –Skin : Primer - contusion, laceration, Secunder - decubitis, dll –Viseral : Brain & Spinal Cord, Abdominal organs, Thoracic viscera GENERAL COMPLICATION –Venous thrombosis, Pulmonary Trombosos –Fat embolisme –Crush syndrome

12. TREATMENT First aid and reduction –Close Reduction –Open Immobilization –Internal –External Restoration of function –PT

13. Physiotherapy Principles of PT –Maintain Non Injured –Restore normal mopvement and function PT Management –Assesment –Diagnose –Planning –Implementation –Re - Evaluation