1. Review for Activity 30,31,and 32 Quiz Use this Powerpoint and other online resources to prepare for the quiz.

2. Which types of landforms can be formed through weathering and erosion?

3. Which types of landforms can be formed through weathering and erosion? Lakes, valleys, canyons, rivers

4. Which types of landforms can be formed through deposition?

5. Which types of landforms can be formed through deposition? Beaches and marshes

6. If these two locations are made of the SAME earth material, which one will erode quicker? What are some factors that will make one erode quicker than the other? HILLSIDE RIVER Both locations will receive precipitation that will cause erosion but the river will erode more because of the constant flow of water traveling through it.

7. Activity 31 Vocabulary Variable - an element, feature, or factor that is likely to change, i.e. "there are too many variables involved to make any meaningful predictions" Controlled variables - variables that were either held constant or whose impact was removed in order to analyze the relationship between other variables without interference. Tested variable - the variable that was changed in some systematic way in order to determine its effect. Uncontrolled variables - variables that are neither controlled or tested. This is the variable that is measured.

8. Controlled variable vs. Tested variable Same size container for molded mini-mountain: Controlled variable Same type of container to “contain” experiment: Controlled variable Same type and design of rainmaker: Controlled variable Same amount of water to create rain: Controlled variable

9. Controlled variable vs. Tested variable The type of material used to make the mini-mountains is the tested variable, which was changed determine its effect of “rain”. Organic matter and sand: tested variable Sand only: tested variable Clay and sand: tested variable

10. Uncontrolled Variable - variables that are neither controlled or tested. THIS VARIABLE IS MEASURED! (dependent variable) How much erosion occurred during the rain?

11. In our “3 hills of earth materials” activity which variable(s)… –stayed the same? (controlled variables) –The shape of the landform, the amount of water, the type of liquid, the force of the water delivered, the overflow space –was tested? (tested variable) –The type of earth material –was not kept the same? (uncontrolled variable) –The amount of erosion

12. In our “3 hills of earth materials” activity which variable(s)… a.stayed the same? (controlled variables) The shape of the landform, the amount of water, the type of liquid, the force of the water delivered, the overflow space b.was tested? (tested variable) The type of earth material c.was not kept the same? (uncontrolled variable) The amount of erosion

13. Review the following terms and their definitions: Ecologist - Scientist who studies the interactions between organisms and their environments. Engineer - A professional who uses science to solve practical problems, design materials and equipment, and build structures. Geologist - Scientist who studies the earth and the changes that take place on and beneath its surface.

14. Match the following terms with a statement this type of scientist might say: A)Ecologist B) Engineer C) Geologist 1) “We should allow the river to change its course and people should learn to work around nature, instead of bending nature to our needs.” 2) “Wetlands might not be attractive to people, but they provide food and homes for fish, shellfish, and birds.” 3) “My company works with the cities along the Mississippi River, building many of the large buildings, roads, and bridges in the area. My expertise is in flood control and in constructing safe structures on soft, wet ground.”

15. Challenges of the Mississippi Delta: Activity 30 The Mississippi Delta is a fan- shaped landform that developed in a flat, low area where a river empties into a large body of water.

16. Challenges of the Mississippi Delta: Activity 30 The area in Boomtown that this area most accurately represents is Delta Marsh

17. Challenges Facing Future Development Earth processes can be understood by studying the past Earth processes can be understood by studying the past Earth materials moved by erosion are eventually deposited somewhere. Earth materials moved by erosion are eventually deposited somewhere. – Deltas are a result of deposition and considered constructive forces. Human activities can speed up or slow down the natural patterns of deposition and erosion Human activities can speed up or slow down the natural patterns of deposition and erosion Building in an area of a delta has its challenges. Building in an area of a delta has its challenges. An ecologist, geologist, and engineer can all contribute to a better understanding to making decisions where and how to build. An ecologist, geologist, and engineer can all contribute to a better understanding to making decisions where and how to build.

19. Modeling Weathering and Erosion: Activity 32 Erosion and deposition can lead to dramatic short-term effects when the land meets the water. Construction can reduce the effects the dramatic changes cause by weather and erosion.

20. Analysis Questions: Activity 32 As the waves struck the bottom of the cliff, sediments were eroded from the bottom and moved away. Sediments were then deposited as the wave slowed and moved back from the cliffs. What was the effect of the retaining rocks on the model cliff? The retaining rocks blocked some of the waves from eroding the cliff’s bottom. Sediments were deposited away from the retaining rocks. What did the waves do to the cliff model?

21. Analysis Questions: Activity 32 1) Weathering: The breakup of rock caused by mechanical (physical) or chemical processes. 2) Erosion: The earth process by which earth materials are removed from one place, commonly by wind or water, and transported elsewhere. 3) Deposition: The earth process that results in a deposit of earth materials. What kind of landform was created at the bottom of the cliff? A beach area may have been formed at the bottom. If it was near river opening, it might have become part of the delta. What earth processes were involved?

22. Analysis Questions: Activity 32 Real cliffs weather and erode slower because they are usually made of denser materials. How will this model be valuable in your final discussion on where to build in Boomtown? Boomtown has a cliff area. Engineering retaining walls may help in making a decision on where to build. The delta area may also benefit from engineering as well. How is the model in the video different from what actually occurs?

23. Analysis Questions: Activity 32.5 x 12 months = 6 cm/ per year. 100 cm / 6 cm = A little over 6 ½ years 100 cm is only a meter. Cliff erosion may speed up over time. Your choice where to build would really depend on your perspective of safety and how long you want the structure to remain on the cliffs. If a steep cliff erodes.5 cm per month, how many years will it take to erode 100 cm? If you were going to build near the cliff, how far back would you build?

24. Modeling Erosion Barriers: Activity 32 Direction of ocean waves and current Controlled deposition as sand builds up on the right side of the wall

25. Modeling Erosion Barriers: Activity 32 Metal, wood, or rock barriers can help prevent continued weathering and erosion.