1. A 3D description of river channels using 2D NHD reaches Venkatesh M. Merwade and David R. Maidment Center for Research in Water Resources, University of Texas at Austin

2. Overview Motivation Objective Data collection and representation Conceptual Model GIS framework Results and Conclusions

3. Motivation: Instream flow studies in Texas Priority segments (100s of miles long) Study area Extrapolation of channel bathymetry at regional scale

4. Objective Based on the knowledge gained from a detailed dataset collected for a reach of river, develop a framework for describing the 3D river channel form at regional scale.

5. In other words… Now, we have blue lines We need the ability to produce a 3D description

6. Data collection GPS Antenna Depth Sounder

7. Bathymetry of the Brazos River

8. Data representation Points Profile lines and cross-sections

9. 3D CrossSections and ProfileLines

10. Conceptual Model Thalweg location AA BB CC AA BB CC Cross-section form Meandering shape

11. The GIS framework 1. Get the shape from the Blue lines 2. Using the shape, locate the thalweg 3. Using thalweg location, create cross-sections 4. Network of cross-sections and profile lines 1234

12. Site1 and Site2 on Brazos River The data for Site 1 and Site 2 are available as (x,y,z) points. @ 30 miles @ 5 miles

13. Normalizing the data Z d nLnL nRnR 0 - + ZdZd P(n i, z i ) w = n L + n R For any point P(n i,z i ), the normalized coordinates are: n new = (n i – n L )/w z new = (Z – z i )/d For n L = -15, n R = 35, d = 5, Z=10 P (10, 7.5) becomes P new (0.5, 0.5)

14. Normalized Data Original cross-sectionModified cross-section Depth and width going from zero to unity makes life easier without changing the shape of the original cross-section

15. Shape characterization through radius of curvature r1r1 r2r2 r3r3 If radius of curvature is small, the thalweg is close to the bank. If the channel meanders to left, the center of curvature is to the right hand side of the centerline and vice versa. When the center of curvature is to the right, the radius of curvature is considered positive and vice versa c1c1 c2c2 c3c3

16. Locating thalweg using the shape Y = 0.076*log(x) + 1.21 Y = 0.087*log(x) – 0.32 00.51.0

17. Thalweg and cross-section Cross-section should have an analytical form to relate it to the thalweg Many probability density functions (pdf) have shapes similar to the cross-section Beta pdf was found feasible its domain is from zero to one it has only two parameters ( ,  )

18. Cross-sections as beta pdfs  eta c/s = (  eta1 +  eta2) * k  1 =5,  1 =2,  2 =3,  2 =3, factor = 0.5  1 =2,  1 =2,  2 =3,  2 =7, factor = 0.6 Create beta cross-sections for different thalweg locations

19. The final framework Start with a blue line (s), locate the thalweg (t) using the relationship, t = f(s). Using t, describe cross-sections (c) using the relationship, c( ,  ) = f(t). The resulting cross-sections have a unit width and unit depth. Rescale the normalized cross-sections using width and depth (hydraulic geometry)

20. Results

21. Lower Brazos in Texas

22. Lower Guadalupe in Texas Model parameters are changed and are related to sinuosity

23. Sulphur River in Texas

24. Regional Application (300 miles along Brazos River!) Bryan Hempstead Richmond Rosharon Hydraulic Geometry + DOQs Study area To study how frequently the oxbow lakes are replenished (1D hydraulic modeling)

25. Summary The GIS framework provides a mean surface for the channel bed. Analytical model is useful for describing channel bathymetry at regional scale. Caution! while using the framework. Additional features need to be added (pools and riffles). The framework should be verified in other areas.

26. Venkatesh Merwade vmmerwade@mail.utexas.edu http://webspace.utexas.edu/vmm2675/www/ Courtesy: Texas Water Development Board