2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:  Most are poor conductors  Solid non-metals are dull and brittle  10 are gases at room temperature  Lower densities than metals CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:  Most are reactive and readily form compounds  They either gain, or share, electrons  Fluorine is the most reactive element

3. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Informati on Group 4 (or 14) 4 Valence electrons *Carbon is the only non- metal in this group Poor conductors of electricity and heat *all elements either gain/lose /share 4 electrons Not malleable or ductile *Carbon *most fuels contain Carbon * CARBON is found in ALL living things

4. Place on Periodic Table Physical Propertie s Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Information Group 5 (or 15) 5 Valence electrons *only two non- metals in this group Poor conductors of electricity and heat *gain/share 3 electrons when reacting *Nitrogen does not readily react Not malleable or ductile *Nitrogen Phosphorus is always found in compounds Atomosphere is 80% nitrogen in a diatomic molecule

5. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Information Group 6 (or 16) 6 Valence electrons * Only three non- metals in this group Poor conductors of electricity and heat gain/share 2 electrons *Oxygen highly reactive and can combine with almost every other element Not malleable or ductile *oxygen (O 2 ) *sulfur (used in rubber & matches) *selenium *ozone is O 3 and blocks radiation OXYGEN is most abundant in earth’s crust and 2 nd in atmosphere

6. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Informati on Group 7 (or 17) 7 Valence electrons *4 non- metals plus astatine uncombined elements are dangerous to humans Poor conductors of electricity and heat *gains or shares 1 electron when reacting *all are HIGHLY reactive *most reactive group of all non- metals Not malleable or ductile *fluorine reacts with almost every known substance; also prevents tooth decay *Chlorine - kills bacteria in water “halogens” means “salt- forming” *Bromine is only liquid non- metal

7. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Informati on All gases in Group 8 (or 18) 8 Valence electrons *exist in small amounts in the atmosphere Poor conductors of electricity and heat *usually unreactive *some compounds can be formed in labs Not malleable or ductile Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon *not discovered until late 1800s

8. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Informati on *upper left- hand corner *simplest and smallest atom *most abundant element in universe *Highly reactive *rarely found as a pure element on earth *makes up only 1% of mass of earth, oceans and atmosphere *most H is combined with O to make water H 2 O *cannot really be grouped into a family *makes up more than 90% of the atoms

9. Place on Periodic Table Physical Properties Conduct- ivity ReactivityMalle- ability ExamplesAdditional Informati on *along border of metals and non-metals *8 elements in this group *characteristic s of both *solids are hard/brittle *use them to make semi- conductors *somewhat reactive *silicon is most common SiO 2 = sand *semi- conductors are used to make computer chips & lasers