1. STYLES OF ART INTRODUCTION TO ARTISTS’ STYLES

2. ABSTRACT ART Abstract art uses a visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. The arts of cultures other than the European had become accessible and showed alternative ways of describing visual experience to the artist. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy. The sources from which individual artists drew their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time.visual languageWestern artRenaissanceperspective Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are loosely related terms. They are similar, but perhaps not of identical meaning.

3. ABSTRACT ART Arthur Segal, Woodburning

4. ABSTRACT ART Henri Matisse, The Snail

5. ABSTRACT ART Wassily Kandinsky, The Snail

6. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) is a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905; from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists’ concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color. Due to its broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content, Post- Impressionism encompasses Neo-Impressionism, Symbolism, Cloisonnism, Pont-Aven School, and Synthetism, along with some later Impressionists work. The movement was led by Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat.art movementFauvismImpressionists’Neo-ImpressionismSymbolismCloisonnismPont-Aven SchoolSynthetismPaul CézannePaul GauguinVincent van GoghGeorges Seurat The term Post-Impressionism was coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry, in 1910, to describe the development of French art since Manet. Fry used the term when he organized the 1910 exhibition, Manet and the Post-Impressionists. Post- Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colors, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, distort form for expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary color.art criticRoger FryManetImpressionism

7. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Paul Cezanne, Apples and a Napkin (1880)

8. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Umbrellas (1885-1886)

9. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night (1889)

10. CLASSICISM Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint and compression we are simply objecting to the classicism of classic art. A violent emphasis or a sudden acceleration of rhythmic movement would have destroyed those qualities of balance and completeness through which it retained until the present century its position of authority in the restricted repertoire of visual images.” Classicism, as Clark noted, implies a canon of widely accepted ideal forms, whether in the Western canon that he was examining in The Nude (1956), or the literary Chinese classics or Chinese art, where the revival of classic styles is also recurring feature.artsclassical antiquityDiscobolusSir Kenneth ClarkclassicWestern canonChinese classicsChinese art Classicism is a force, which is often present in post-medieval European, and European influenced traditions; however, some periods felt themselves more connected to the classical ideals than others, particularly the Age of Enlightenment.Age of Enlightenment

11. CLASSICISM Jacques Stella, The Marriage of the Virgin

12. CLASSICISM Claude Lorrain, Harbour Scene at Sunset (1643)

13. CLASSICISM Françoise Barraud, Tailleuses de soupe (1933)

14. FUTURISM Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth and violence and objects such as the car, the aeroplane and the industrial city. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, urban design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and even gastronomy. Its key figures were the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla, Antonio Sant'Elia, Bruno Munari, Benedetta Cappa and Luigi Russolo, the Russians Natalia Goncharova, Velimir Khlebnikov, Igor Severyanin, David Burliuk, Aleksei Kruchenykh and Vladimir Mayakovsky, and the Portuguese Almada Negreiros. It glorified modernity and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past. Cubism contributed to the formation of Italian Futurism's artistic style. Important Futurist works included Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism, Boccioni's sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space and Balla's painting, Abstract Speed + Sound (pictured). To some extent Futurism influenced the art movements Art Deco, Constructivism, Surrealism, Dada, and to a greater degree Precisionism, Rayonism, and Vorticism.Italianartisticsocial movementItalyItalianRussiaEnglandpainting sculptureceramicsgraphic designindustrial designurban designtheatrefilmfashiontextilesliteraturemusicarchitecturegastronomyFilippo Tommaso MarinettiUmberto BoccioniCarlo CarràGino SeveriniGiacomo BallaAntonio Sant'EliaBruno MunariBenedetta CappaLuigi RussoloNatalia GoncharovaVelimir KhlebnikovIgor SeveryaninDavid BurliukAleksei KruchenykhVladimir MayakovskyAlmada Negreiros CubismManifesto of FuturismUnique Forms of Continuity in SpaceArt DecoConstructivismSurrealismDadaPrecisionismRayonismVorticism

15. FUTURISM Giacomo Balla, Study for Iridescent Interpretation (1912)

16. FUTURISM Umberto Boccioni, Drawing After ‘States of Mind: The Farewells’