1. The Progressive Movement Modern U.S. History – Hamer Muckraker Photography

2. Muckrakers Reformers such as Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine took photographs of the living and working conditions of the poor in America. Their photographs helped to introduce the plight of the poor to the rest of America and encouraged people and the government to make necessary improvements.

3. Homework Many factory jobs required that workers take home piecework to continue working at night. Other workers did not work in factories, but were organized by larger companies to make items in their small homes.

4. 1. Cigar Makers

5. 2. Old Mrs. Benoit in her Attic Room

6. 3. Boy Carrying Homework

7. 4. Teens doing Homework

8. 5. Garment Homework

9. Life in the Tenements Tenements were overcrowded buildings with very little light or ventilation. They were rented to the poor in cities who were often immigrants.

10. 6. Family in Tenement Home

11. 7. Home in the Dump

12. 8. Tenement “Rookeries”

13. 9. NYC Tenement

14. 10. Peddler's Sleeping Quarters in the Cellar

15. 11. Man Ready for His Solitary Sabbath Meal

16. 12. Family at Home

17. 13. Three Generations in One Tenement

18. 14. These Sheds Cost $1 a Month to Live In

19. 15. Roofs of Tenements

20. 16. Tenement Room with All of Its Furnishings

21. Childhood? Many children of impoverished families had to begin working at young ages. They either didn’t attend school, or went at night after their long workdays. These children grew up in unsafe and unsanitary conditions. Many died or were injured at young ages.

22. 17. Children with their “Slide”

23. 18. Night School

24. 19. Chicago Tenement Child

25. 20. Little “Mother” (Young Girl Caring for her Siblings)

26. 21. Boy Lost his Arm Running a Saw in a Box Factory

27. 22. Playground

28. 23. Street Boy

29. 24. Young Basket-Sellers

30. 25. Newsie

31. 26. Newsie and Society Lady

32. Work Conditions Work Conditions during this time were often unsafe and unclean. Workers toiled for long hours and often had to take work home. Injuries in the work place were also common.

33. 27. Sweatshop

34. 28. Cigar Factory

35. 29. Work at a Bean Cannery

36. 30. Girls at a Box Factory

37. 31. Boy Picking Cotton

38. 32. Breaker Boys (picking through coal on a conveyor belt that they stopped with their feet)

39. 33. Boys Fixing Bobbins at a Cotton Mill

40. 34. Girl Weaving

41. 35. Boy at Glass Factory

42. 36. Glass Blowing

43. 37. Mine Driver

44. 38. Spinning Room at a Factory

45. 39. Teenage Girls at a Manufacturing Company in Georgia

46. 40. Young Knitter

47. Improvements? Great improvements in technology and architecture were the “gilded” parts of the Gilded Age. Workers still had to toil to create these improvements. After reformers like Riss and Hine worked to change urban living and working conditions, changes were made, such as converting a slum into Mulberry Park.

48. 44. “Icarus” Working on the Empire State Building

49. 45. Riveting at Empire State Building

50. 46. Steelworker at Empire State Building

51. 47. Mulberry Flats becomes a Park

52. Immigrating to America The journey to America was difficult. Most immigrants traveled in steerage, the cargo hold of the ship, and many caught dangerous diseases on the journey. Many saw America as a land of opportunity and would do anything to get here.

53. 41. Climbing Into America at Ellis Island

54. 42. Ferry from Ellis Island to NYC

55. 43. Finnish Stowaway