1. Communication & Conflict Management Jan. 27 and 29, 2015 PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

2. 1. Announcements PowerPoint Summary of: Framing 1.Vouchers needed by end of this week. Please turn them in!! 2.A2 Active Listening and I-message assignment is underway. Be watching for opportunities to use these skills!

3. Framing! PowerPoint Summary of: Framing This week’s topic :

4. Frames are cognitive shortcuts—in a sense— categories--that people use to help make sense of complex information. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing What are “frames?”

5. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing For instance? What do you see here?

6. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Or here?

7. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Conflict Frames Conflict can be framed positively or negatively… –As a danger or –As an opportunity

8. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Conflict Frames People in the conflict can be framed positively or negatively –Identity frames –Characterization frames

9. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Conflict Frames The conflict structure can be framed positively or negatively –win-lose situation, (competitive process) –win-win situation, (cooperative process) – risk-gain/worst-case – best-case –into-the-sea framing

10. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Conflict Frames The substance (what the conflict is about) can be framed differently –Interests –Rights –Power –Needs

11. Interests Interests are desires or goals--the things that people want to achieve in a conflict

12. Rights Rights are independent standards of fairness that are either socially recognized or formally established in law or contract. Include: reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority.

13. Power Ability to get what you want – often narrowed down to one of three forms— coercive power. Coercive power gets people to do things they wouldn’t otherwise do through threat or force.

14. Needs Fundamental things needed for survival, growth and development. Includes –Physical needs –Psychosocial needs: security, identity, recognition, sense of belongingness, self- determination (Maslow)

15. Maslow’s human needs Burton: Identity, Security, Recognition

16. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing Conflict Frames The context (lenses) can be different –Cultural/worldview frames –Personal experience frames

17. Conflict Communication & Framing in Farmingville Take out a piece of paper (to hand in) and make a chart on it that looks like this:

18. CommunicationEvent description 1. Listening (good/bad) 2. I-messages/you messages 3. 4H: Criticism 4. 4H: Defensiveness 5. 4H: Stonewalling 6. 4H: Contempt

19. Frames/framingDescription 7. Identity frames 8. Characterization frames 9. Outcome frames (win-win, win-lose, best-case, worst-case, into-the-sea) 10. Issue frames (interests, rights, power, needs, values) 11. Conflict management/process frames

20. Conflict Communication & Framing in Farmingville Try to fill out as many examples as you can about these items as you watch the movie. Got to 22:30 or so.

21. Common Framing Errors 1.Assuming you know what the other person thinks 2.Assuming everyone sees things as you do, or if not, then assuming you are right. 3.Presenting the problem in a positional, either-or way, or as a demand with no options for discussion. 4.Assuming there is only one approach or one solution to the problem – yours! 5.Assuming force is the only way to get your needs met. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

22. How do you avoid these errors?

23. Principles of Reframing Every strong statement contains some important perception or kernel of truth. There usually is an underlying interest that prompted the strong statement. People usually want a constructive response to their statements. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

24. Principles of Reframing People often switch to more productive communication when they believe they are being listened to and their needs are being addressed. Question: how might you bring this about? PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

25. Steps of Reframing Listen to the statement. Work to understand the speaker’s underlying interest or need. Ignore or remove the toxic or distracting words from the statement. Restate the message to the speaker (“so you….” including the real issue or interest in constructive, positive terms.) Check it out: “Is that it?” or “Do I understand correctly?” Try to figure out the INTEREST hiding under the emotion. PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

26. Let’s try it: Suppose your project partner says: “It’s obvious you don’t care about our grade. All you care about is partying and getting by.” We did this as it relates to Farmingville in sec. 1, didn’t get to it in sec. 2. What is their essential message? (Remember, emotions can be part of the essential message.) What makes it hard for you to hear their essential message? How do most people respond to this message? How would you respond if you followed ideas from this (and last) week? PowerPoint Summary of: Framing

27. Richard Reuben – News Media article Note: we likely won’t get to this, but you should know: 1.Under what conditions does the news media’s coverage of conflict lead to constructive or destructive outcomes? 2.How does Reuben define “constructive” and “destructive” outcomes?

28. Richard Reuben – News Media article 3.How does he define escalation? 4.How does all this relate to the media? 5.How does this relate to the framing of conflicts?

29. Lakoff and Political Framing What is “different” about political message framing? What does that mean about how the “political game” is played? Let’s look at how this is playing out this year!

30. Watch these clips: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjSgV_18EI whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjSgV_18EI w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_V4POLXJ V8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_V4POLXJ V8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTtCPBi7nJo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VatuJkyJnGs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOsnxstP25w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eb3Y-sA-PPg