1. Biochemical Compounds You are what you eat!

2. Why Do We Eat? For energyFor energy For nutrientsFor nutrients For sport??For sport??

3. 6 Types of Nutrients: CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Fats (Lipids)Fats (Lipids) ProteinsProteins VitaminsVitamins MineralsMinerals WaterWater

4. CARBOHYDRATES “CARB” is not a four-letter word!“CARB” is not a four-letter word! Refers to the “sugar” familyRefers to the “sugar” family Contain C, H, & OContain C, H, & O Examples:Examples: –Glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, etc. –Starch, cellulose,etc.

5. Simple CHO’s: Monomer:Monomer: –one building block of a larger molecule Monosaccharide:Monosaccharide: –1 molecule of a sugar (e.g. 1 glucose) –Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

6. Glucose: (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

7. Simple CHO’s: Disaccharide:Disaccharide: –2 sugars linked together –Eg. Sucrose, fructose

8. Complex CHO’s Polymer:Polymer: –2 or more monomers linked together Polysaccharide:Polysaccharide: –3 or more sugars linked together in chains –E.g. Starch & Cellulose in plants –E.g. Glycogen in animals

9. Complex CHO’s

10. Why CARBs? CHO’s provide the body with immediate energy needsCHO’s provide the body with immediate energy needs Should be 50 – 55% of your caloriesShould be 50 – 55% of your calories 4 calories per gram of CHO4 calories per gram of CHO Sources:Sources: –Fruits, vegetables, grains, breads, pasta, cereals, etc.

11. Low CARB Diets??? TheEnd!!!

12. FATS (LIPIDS) You are what you eat???You are what you eat???

13. FATS Fats are a necessary evil… they are a tremendous source of energy!Fats are a necessary evil… they are a tremendous source of energy! 9 calories per gram9 calories per gram Should be 30% of caloriesShould be 30% of calories 4 “fat-soluble” vitamins (D, E, A, K)4 “fat-soluble” vitamins (D, E, A, K)

14. FATS Efficient way for the body to store caloriesEfficient way for the body to store calories Any excess calories are stored as fat  in fat cells (adipose tissue)Any excess calories are stored as fat  in fat cells (adipose tissue)

16. FATS Are made up of chains of C & H called fatty acidsAre made up of chains of C & H called fatty acids Triglyceride:Triglyceride: –a glycerol molecule linking 3 fatty acids

18. Types of Fat Saturated Fats:Saturated Fats: –Solid at room temperature –found in butter, meat, etc. (animal fats) –all carbons are “saturated” with hydrogen

19. Types of Fat Unsaturated fats:Unsaturated fats: –Liquid at room temperature, usually called oils –Plant Fats: canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, etc. –Fatty acids contain double bonds (missing H’s)

21. Unsaturated Fats: Monounsaturated Fat:Monounsaturated Fat: –Contain 1 double bond Polyunsaturated Fat:Polyunsaturated Fat: –Contain more than 1 double bond

22. Why is the Type of Fat Important?

23. FATTY ISSUES! High fat = high calorie!High fat = high calorie! High fat = increase health problems (diabetes, CHD, stroke, etc.)High fat = increase health problems (diabetes, CHD, stroke, etc.)

25. The End!!!

26. PROTEIN: The building blocks of life!

27. PROTEIN: Used to make and repair many of the structures of our bodyUsed to make and repair many of the structures of our body Proteins are chains of amino acids linked togetherProteins are chains of amino acids linked together

28. PROTEIN: Also important as messengers (enzymes)Also important as messengers (enzymes) Adrenalin

29. PROTEINS: All proteins are created from only 20 different amino acidsAll proteins are created from only 20 different amino acids Your body can make 12 of these (“non- essential AA”), the other 8 you must get from food (“essential AA”)Your body can make 12 of these (“non- essential AA”), the other 8 you must get from food (“essential AA”)

30. Amino Acids: All AA’s have the same general structure, but one portion of the molecule varies (“R group”)All AA’s have the same general structure, but one portion of the molecule varies (“R group”)

31. PROTEIN: Should be 15 – 20 % of our calories.Should be 15 – 20 % of our calories. Sources:Sources: –Meat, fish, cheese, eggs, beans, etc.

32. PROTEIN… Can There Be Too Much of a Good Thing? Recommended intake is around 1 g per kg of body weight (more for children and extreme athletes)Recommended intake is around 1 g per kg of body weight (more for children and extreme athletes) Most North Americans take in around twice the RDA!Most North Americans take in around twice the RDA!

33. Nucleic Acids Breaking the “Code”

34. Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) essential to all living things.(DNA, RNA) essential to all living things. Polymers formed from monomer molecules called nucleotides.Polymers formed from monomer molecules called nucleotides. A nucleotide contains:A nucleotide contains: 1) A nitrogenous base 1) A nitrogenous base 2) A 5 carbon pentose sugar 2) A 5 carbon pentose sugar 3) A Phosphate group 3) A Phosphate group

35. Nucleic Acids Nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).Nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil (U)In RNA, Thymine is replaced by Uracil (U) Phosphate groups and sugar molecules form backbone of the chain, bases stick out like the teeth on a zipper.Phosphate groups and sugar molecules form backbone of the chain, bases stick out like the teeth on a zipper.

36. 2 Types of Nucleic Acids 1.DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) The genetic code for all proteins and life functions.The genetic code for all proteins and life functions. 2 nucleotide strands linked by Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases (A & T, C & G).2 nucleotide strands linked by Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases (A & T, C & G). A double helix.A double helix. Unique genetic information is determined by the sequence of nucleotides.Unique genetic information is determined by the sequence of nucleotides.

37. 2 Types of Nucleic Acids 2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) copy of code for 1 protein.copy of code for 1 protein. RNA carries the “protein blueprint” from nucleus to the ribosome during protein synthesis.RNA carries the “protein blueprint” from nucleus to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Single nucleotide strand containing A, U, C & G.Single nucleotide strand containing A, U, C & G.

38. How long is DNA? There are billions of base pairs in each DNA molecule. The total length of DNA in each cell is 2 metres! Your total DNA is long enough to reach the moon and back… 6000 times!!

39. The End!!!