2. Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt Address the Great Depression The Great Depression

3. Standard 11.6.2 Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis.

4. Film Clip: Welcome to Hooverville

5. The Election of 1932 He had overcome polio, which left him crippled, to become a successful two term governor of New York. He Promised “A NEW DEAL for the American people. Believed three “R”s were necessary to address depression –Relief: address immidiate issues by giving food and money to those who need it –Recovery: create jobs to get Americans back on their feet. Once Americans are working, they will have money to buy products again. –Reform: Businesses need to be regulated (have rules) so they can’t damage the economy again Stock market crashed 6 months after he’s elected Opposed any form of federal welfare, or direct relief to the needy. Believed if people were patient, the economy would correct itself without government involvment. He promised “prosperity is around the corner.” He thought private charities should be the ones to give direct help (food, money, etc.) Did believe in helping the rich and big business. It was believed they would create jobs and the money would eventually make its way to the lower classes. –Known as Trickle Down Economics Herbert Hoover vs. Franklin Roosevelt (Republican) (Democrat) Imagine you were alive in 1932. You’ve been out of work for over a year and cannot provide for your family. How would you feel about Hoover’s approach to dealing with the Depression? Why? How would you feel about Roosevelt’s approach to dealing with the Depression? Why?

6. Election of 1932 Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly 23 million votes over Hoover’s 16 million votes. In the Senate, Democrats claimed a 2/3 majority and in the House they won almost ¾ of the seats. Why is this important? Will be elected to a record four terms in office

7. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal Throughout the nation men and women, forgotten in the political philosophy of the Government, look to us here for guidance and for more equitable opportunity to share in the distribution of national wealth... I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people. This is more than a political campaign. It is a call to arms When accepting the nomination for democratic Presidential Candidate, he said Read the last sentence. What his he comparing his program to? How are the two things similar?

8. Relief The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering Examples: food, clothing, shelter

9. Recovery The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression.

10. Reform The government will regulate (make rules) for business No more laissez faire

11. The Bank Holiday On March 5--the day after being sworn into office-- Roosevelt declared a "bank holiday," closed all banks and financial transactions Helped end “Bank Runs” and allowed him to pass financial reforms Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings and "foreign transactions." Nearly 1,000 banks were up and running again in three days

12. Roosevelt gets to work In the time between elections and his inauguration Roosevelt selected and worked with a group he termed his “brain trust”. They were diverse group of experts in different areas.

13. My Brain Trust Who would you consult to advise your affairs and what areas would they advise you in? My ExpertArea of Expertise

14. The first 100 days Once in office, FDR set to work immediately. His "New Deal," involved: –regulation and reform of banking –massive government spending to kick start the economy and put people back to work –the creation of a social services network to support those who had fallen on hard times. –Between March 8 and June 16, in what later became known as the "First Hundred Days," Congress followed Roosevelt's lead by passing an incredible fifteen separate bills which formed the basis of the New Deal. –Several of the programs created during those three and a half months are still around today Periodic Table of the New Deal

17. During his administration he gave informal radio addresses called “Fireside Chats.” This one is from April 28, 1935. Two years into his term.

18. What are two words you would use to describe FDR’s tone during this fireside chat? What techniques did he use to connect with his audience? What do you think his purpose was in having these fireside chats?

19. Criticisms of the New Deal Republicans/Conservatives –Didn’t like the deficit spending –Claimed the government was becoming too involved in people’s lives and America was in danger of becoming socialist

20. Film Clip:“Packing the Court”

21. Supreme Court In your own words, describe Roosevelt’s Court packing plan. Be sure to describe –Why he wanted to pack the court –What his proposal was –What was the reaction to his plan

22. The Second New Deal Economy had improved during his first two years but gains not as great as hoped. Unemployment still high and production still down. Encouraged congress to enact a second wave of activity to provide more extensive relief for both farmers and workers. FDR reelected in 1936 by an overwhelming margin. Was the first time that most African Americans voted Democratic rather than Republican.

23. Wrap-Up Activity Who said it? Directions: A quote from either Hoover or Roosevelt will be displayed on the board. A student will be randomly selected. If you guess which President said the quote, you will get extra credit points !

24. Who Said It? “I'm not the smartest fellow in the world, but I can sure pick smart colleagues..” Roosevelt

25. Who Said It? “No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that God-imposed responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this painful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorious America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience, of individual men and women....” Hoover

26. Who Said It? “It is just as important that business keep out of government as that government keep out of business” Hoover

27. Who Said It? “It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.” Roosevelt

28. Who Said It? “No Special Session is necessary to deal with employment. The sense of voluntary organization and community service in the American people has not vanished. The spirit of voluntary service has been strong enough to cope with the problem for the past year and it will, I am confident, continue in full measure of the need.” Hoover

29. Who Said It? “But while they preach of economic laws, men and women are starving. We must lay hold of the fact that economic laws are not made by nature. They are made by human beings.” Roosevelt

30. Who Said It? “Blessed are the young for they shall inherit the national debt” Hoover

31. Who Said It? “Government in business, except in emergency, is a destruction of equal opportunity and the incarnation of tyranny through bureaucracy” Hoover

32. In your notebook, create a venn diagram comparing and contrasing Hoover and Roosevelt.