2. memory_01Jan07a.ppt Memory

3. memory_01Jan07a.ppt Memory “I Don’t Mind If You Forget Me” – Morissey

4. memory_01Jan07a.ppt Memory “Videotape” – Radiohead

5. SALIVATE CR Conditioned Response CS Conditioned Stimulus

6. Procedural memory Acquisition of skills as a result of practice, “knowing how” to do things OTHER FORMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

7. Semantic memory Facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world OTHER FORMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

8. Edward Tolman Learning Without Reward OTHER FORMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

9. Edward Tolman Learning Without Reward OTHER FORMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

10. Episodic memory The collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place OTHER FORMS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY

12. EVENT MEMORY Encoding Retrieval EPISODIC MEMORY

14. Hippocampus EPISODIC MEMORY hippocampus The hippocampus is a convergence zone where disparate information is bound together

15. Patient “H.M.” Corkin et al. (1997) J. Neurosci EPISODIC MEMORY

16. time Brain Injury Anterograde Amnesia – the inability to form new memories for events you experience and facts you encounter Patient “H.M.” EPISODIC MEMORY

17. Study Words STAMP LANDMARK SPEAK CLOCK 2. Recognition “Which word did you see?” CLOWN CLOCK 1. Recall “What words did you see?” Patient “H.M.” EPISODIC MEMORY

18. no score EPISODIC EPISODIC MEMORY

20. EVENT MEMORY Encoding Retrieval

21. SIS ENSCONCES MY EVIL GIFT SCIENCE OF LIVING SYSTEMS VEMNGNCEEISSLISFSCOTIY EPISODIC MEMORY “Brain cells fire in patterns. Patterns correspond to thoughts.”

22. Distributed representation EPISODIC MEMORY

23. Distributed representation EPISODIC MEMORY

24. Distributed representation EPISODIC MEMORY

25. Distributed representation EPISODIC MEMORY

26. Distributed representation EPISODIC MEMORY

27. Distributed representation

28. Encoding EPISODIC MEMORY

29. New Year’s Eve 2012 Encoding EPISODIC MEMORY

30. So what did you do on New Year’s Eve 2012? Retrieval consists of reinstantiating the distributed representation (“pattern”) created at encoding Retrieval EPISODIC MEMORY

31. Retrieval consists of reinstantiating the distributed representation (“pattern”) created at encoding A retrieval cue can serve as a “seed” for such reinstantiation So what did you do on New Year’s Eve 2012? Retrieval EPISODIC MEMORY

32. So what did you do on New Year’s Eve 2012? Retrieval Retrieval consists of reinstantiating the distributed representation (“pattern”) created at encoding A retrieval cue can serve as a “seed” for such reinstantiation EPISODIC MEMORY

33. Godden & Baddeley (1975) Context dependence EPISODIC MEMORY

34. Petersen (1977) State dependence EPISODIC MEMORY

35. time Brain Injury Anterograde Amnesia – the inability to form new memories for events you experience and facts you encounter Patient “H.M.” EPISODIC MEMORY

36. MEMORY DISTORTIONS

37. #include void main() { int x,y; cout << "Enter an integer: "; cin >> x; y = x * 2; cout << "\n" << y <<" is twice " << x <<".\n"; } EVENT MEMORY EVENT PERCEPTION MEMORY DISTORTIONS

38. Hippocampus hippocampus The hippocampus is a convergence zone where disparate information is bound together MEMORY DISTORTIONS

39. (1)Bias (2)Misattribution

40. The man finished eating his pie, wiped his mouth with the paper napkin, grabbed his check, got up from his stool at the counter, gathered up his big blue umbrella and his slightly worn raincoat, tipped his hat to the waitress, and went to the cash register. When he stepped outside he found that what had been a sunny day was now rainy and he raised his umbrella for protection. For some reason, the bus was late. Suddenly he realized that he’d left his keys in the diner. Panicked, he hurried back in, strode to the counter where he had been sitting, but didn’t see them. He searched his pockets once more and realized with a sigh of relief that they’d been in his raincoat all along. At that very moment he looked up and saw the bus pulling away from the stop outside the diner. “Damn!” he thought, “I’ll be late for work again.” He walked briskly out the door for the second time and noticed that the rain was getting heavier. MEMORY DISTORTIONS

41. Now we let a little time go by… MEMORY DISTORTIONS

42. What did he eat? What did he gather up when he left? What did he forget? To whom did he bid goodbye? Did he put his raincoat on? Where did he pay? Are you sure? I mean, like, really sure? 1234567812345678 MEMORY DISTORTIONS

43. The man finished eating his pie, wiped his mouth with the paper napkin, grabbed his check, got up from his stool at the counter, gathered up his big blue umbrella and his slightly worn raincoat, tipped his hat to the waitress, and went to the cash register. When he stepped outside he found that what had been a sunny day was now rainy and he raised his umbrella for protection. For some reason, the bus was late. Suddenly he realized that he’d left his keys in the diner. Panicked, he hurried back in, strode to the counter where he had been sitting, but didn’t see them. He searched his pockets once more and realized with a sigh of relief that they’d been in his raincoat all along. At that very moment he looked up and saw the bus pulling away from the stop outside the diner. “Damn!” he thought, “I’ll be late for work again.” He walked briskly out the door for the second time and noticed that the rain was getting heavier. MEMORY DISTORTIONS

44. What causes memory bias?

45. MEMORY DISTORTIONS Bias may also occur at the time of retrieval

46. MEMORY DISTORTIONS Bias may also occur at the time of retrieval

47. MEMORY DISTORTIONS (1)Bias (2)Misattribution

48. bedresttiredSNOOZ E slumberyawnnapdoze BLANKET AWAKEsnoreWAKEpeaceDREAM MEMORY DISTORTIONS DREAM

49. hippocampus How did this memory get here? MEMORY DISTORTIONS

50. hippocampus Did I see it? MEMORY DISTORTIONS

51. hippocampus Or did I just think it? MEMORY DISTORTIONS

52. hippocampus ? Deciding whether a representation has external vs. internal origins requires source attribution MEMORY DISTORTIONS

53. EATIMAGINE (LOW DETAIL) IMAGINE (HIGH DETAIL) RECALLED EATING MEMORY DISTORTIONS

54. AWAKE OLD or NEW? SNOOZEWINDOWNAPSWEETPENCILSLEEPSLEEP? MEMORY DISTORTIONS

55. AWAKE BED DROWSY REST DREAM WAKE SNOOZE BLANKET DOZE SLUMBER SNORE NAP PEACE YAWN SLEEP Roediger & McDermott (1995) MEMORY DISTORTIONS

56. hippocampus How did this memory get here? MEMORY DISTORTIONS

57. The Case of Donald M. Thompson MEMORY DISTORTIONS

58. Bias vs. Misattribution MEMORY DISTORTIONS